Abstract: An over-current protection device includes first and second electrode layers and a PTC material layer laminated therebetween. The PTC material layer includes a polymer matrix, a conductive filler, and a titanium-containing dielectric filler. The polymer matrix has a fluoropolymer. The titanium-containing dielectric filler has a compound represented by a general formula of MTiO3, wherein the M represents transition metal or alkaline earth metal. The total volume of the PTC material layer is calculated as 100%, and the titanium-containing dielectric filler accounts to for 5-15% by volume of the PTC material layer.

Abstract: An over-current protection device includes first and second electrode layers and a PTC material layer laminated therebetween. The PTC material layer includes a polymer matrix, and a conductive filler. The polymer matrix has a fluoropolymer. The total volume of the PTC material layer is calculated as 100%, and the fluoropolymer accounts for 47-62% by volume of the PTC material layer. The fluoropolymer has a melt viscosity higher than 3000 Pa·s.

Abstract: An over-current protection device includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a heat-sensitive layer laminated therebetween. The heat-sensitive layer exhibits a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristic and includes a polymer matrix and a first conductive filler. The polymer matrix includes a polyolefin-based polymer and a fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer has a melt flow index higher than 1.9 g/10 min, and the polyolefin-based polymer and the fluoropolymer together form an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). The first conductive filler has a metal-ceramic compound dispersed in the polymer matrix.

Abstract: An over-current protection device includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a heat-sensitive layer laminated therebetween. The heat-sensitive layer exhibits a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristic and includes a first polymer and a conductive filler. The first polymer consists of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), and PVDF exists in different phases such as ?-PVDF, ?-PVDF and ?-PVDF. The total amount of ?-PVDF, ?-PVDF and ?-PVDF is calculated as 100%, and the amount of ?-PVDF accounts for 48% to 55%. The conductive filler has a metal-ceramic compound.

Abstract: An over-current protection device includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a heat-sensitive layer laminated therebetween. The heat-sensitive layer exhibits a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristic and includes a first polymer and a conductive filler. The first polymer consists of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), and PVDF exists in different phases such as ?-PVDF, ?-PVDF and ?-PVDF. The total amount of ?-PVDF, ?-PVDF and ?-PVDF is calculated as 100%, and the amount of ?-PVDF accounts for 33% to 42%.

Abstract: Aqueous glyoxylic acid solution is used to absorb sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide from a gaseous stream and the absorbed sulfur dioxide being removed from the aqueous glyoxylic acid solution by stripping and the absorbed sulfur trioxide being thereafter removed from the stripped glyoxylic acid solution. In a preferred embodiment, the absorbed sulfur trioxide is removed from the stripped glyoxylic acid solution by precipitation as barium sulfate. Particularly, sulfuric acid or absorbed sulfur trioxide in aqueous glyoxylic acid solutions may be removed by contacting the aqueous glyoxylic acid solutions with a barium compound such as barium hydroxide which is substantially inert to the glyoxylic acid but which precipitates barium sulfate from the aqueous glyoxylic acid solution.

Abstract: Sulfuric acid or absorbed sulfur trioxide in aqueous glyoxylic acid solutions may be removed by contacting the aqueous glyoxylic acid solutions with a barium compound such as barium hydroxide which is substantially inert to the glyoxylic acid but which precipitates barium sulfate from the aqueous glyoxylic acid solution. In a preferred embodiment, aqueous glyoxylic acid solution is used to absorb sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide from industrial flue gases and the absorbed sulfur dioxide being removed from the aqueous glyoxylic acid solution by stripping and the absorbed sulfur trioxide being removed from the stripped glyoxylic acid solution by precipitation as barium sulfate.