Abstract: A heartbeat protocol communication method for an unmanned vehicle system, a method for secure hybrid cryptographic communication, and a method for encrypted communication during one or more communication sessions with a device are provided. The unmanned vehicle system includes an unmanned vehicle and a control platform and the method includes the unmanned vehicle transmitting heartbeat data at regular periodic predetermined time intervals, the heartbeat data comprising keep alive application data comprising real-time information pertinent to the unmanned vehicle and/or the control platform determining at regular periodic predetermined time intervals whether heartbeat data transmitted by the unmanned vehicle is received and the control platform transmitting an acknowledgement response to the unmanned vehicle each time the heartbeat data is received at a regular periodic predetermined time interval.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a carrier having a mounting surface, at least one electronic chip mounted on the mounting surface, an encapsulant at least partially encapsulating the carrier and the at least one electronic chip, and a plurality of capsules in the encapsulant, wherein the capsules comprise a core comprising an additive and comprise a shell, in particular a crackable shell, enclosing the core.

Abstract: A primer composition is provided. The primer composition includes at least one bi- or multi-functional benzoxazine compound; and at least one compound including a functional group having affinity for a metallic surface, and a cross-linkable group. A method of forming a primer layer on a semiconductor device, and a method of encapsulating a semiconductor device are also provided.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a carrier having a mounting surface, at least one electronic chip mounted on the mounting surface, an encapsulant at least partially encapsulating the carrier and the at least one electronic chip, and a plurality of capsules in the encapsulant, wherein the capsules comprise a core comprising an additive and comprise a shell, in particular a crackable shell, enclosing the core.

Abstract: A primer composition is provided. The primer composition includes at least one bi- or multi-functional benzoxazine compound; and at least one compound including a functional group having affinity for a metallic surface, and a cross-linkable group. A method of forming a primer layer on a semiconductor device, and a method of encapsulating a semiconductor device are also provided.

Abstract: Battery chargers, electrical systems, and rechargeable battery charging methods are described. According to one aspect, a battery charger includes charge circuitry configured to apply a plurality of main charging pulses of electrical energy to a plurality of rechargeable cells of a battery to charge the rechargeable cells during a common charge cycle of the battery and to apply a plurality of secondary charging pulses of electrical energy to less than all of the rechargeable cells of the battery during the common charge cycle of the battery to charge the less than all of the rechargeable cells.

Abstract: Battery chargers, electrical systems, and rechargeable battery charging methods are described. According to one aspect, a battery charger includes charge circuitry configured to apply a plurality of main charging pulses of electrical energy to a plurality of rechargeable cells of a battery to charge the rechargeable cells during a common charge cycle of the battery and to apply a plurality of secondary charging pulses of electrical energy to less than all of the rechargeable cells of the battery during the common charge cycle of the battery to charge the less than all of the rechargeable cells.

Abstract: A prepared ground prime rib meat product and a process for manufacturing same are disclosed, for shaping into patties, meatballs or the like. The product consists of a mixture of different pieces of lean and fat beef prime rib meat, seasoning in the range of 0%-4% and added water in the range of 5%-20% by weight. The meat consists of portions of rib meat which have not traditionally been sold or labelled as prime rib meat.

Abstract: The slitting assembly includes a grinding wheel with a wide flat grinding face for first cutting a multilayer sheet of soft and compressible, electronic device material, such as lithium-ion polymer material for a uni-cell battery, to a first depth and includes a cutting wheel with a blade-like edge for completing the slit by cutting through uncut layers of the multilayer sheet. The grinding face has a width of at least the thickness of the multilayer sheet, and in practice, the depth of the cut is preferably one half the sheet thickness, which in a uni-cell battery sheet is midway through a separator layer. The grinding wheel is positioned to apply cutting forces to the multilayer sheet in a direction that is substantially parallel to the feed direction to control the application of compressive forces that may compress the soft sheet material and if uncontrolled, may create short circuits between electrically conductive layers.

Abstract: An imaging system that can tolerate high intensity optical beams without a reduction in the system's field-of-view, comprises an imager, a fiber array positioned at the image plane of the imager, a sensor array positioned at the output end of the fiber array, a panel display positioned in proximity of the fiber array and an image processor for electronically processing the information from the sensor array.

Abstract: An optical system is provided that produces bright, high contrast head-up display images which are not adversely affected by the direct exposure to sunlight of the system's virtual image source. The optical system comprises a light source system which projects a focused light beam to a segmented, electronically-addressed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal ("PDLC")-type film, which serves as a primary image source. Selected segments of the image source are made transmissive while other selected segments scatter light. Accordingly, the portions of the focused light beam incident to transmissive segments are transmitted to form a real image, while the balance of the focused light beam is scattered. A stray light-blocking means, such as a lens/aperture combination, is employed to block the scattered light. The real image is projected onto an unsegmented, electronically-addressed PDLC-type film serving as an image screen.

Abstract: Low-cost, thin-layer liquid crystal (LC) millimeter wave (MMW) phase modulators and phased array antennae are provided based on several types of open transmission strip-line, parallel-line, and ridge-guide configurations in which surface-aligned LCs are modulated reversibly with small applied electrical fields. Incorporated properly in the open transmission lines, the LC layer can modulate the propagating MMW with nearly its full value of birefringence. The modulator comprises: (a) at least one transmission line supported on a first substrate; (b) a dielectric medium comprising a liquid crystal or a liquid crystal composite and contacting the substrate and the transmission line(s), the liquid crystal or a liquid crystal composite (e.g.