Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming a crystalline protective polysilicon layer which does not create defective voids during subsequent processes so as to provide effective protection to devices underneath. In one embodiment, a method for forming a semiconductor device, includes: depositing a protective coating on a first polysilicon layer; forming an epitaxial layer on the protective coating; and depositing a second polysilicon layer over the epitaxial layer, wherein the protective coating comprises a third polysilicon layer, wherein the third polysilicon layer is deposited at a first temperature in a range of 600-700 degree Celsius, and wherein the third polysilicon layer in the protect coating is configured to protect the first polysilicon layer when the second polysilicon layer is etched.

Abstract: Examples of an integrated circuit with an interconnect structure and a method for forming the integrated circuit are provided herein. In some examples, the method includes receiving a workpiece that includes a substrate and an interconnect structure. The interconnect structure includes a first conductive feature disposed within a first inter-level dielectric layer. A blocking layer is selectively formed on the first conductive feature without forming the blocking layer on the first inter-level dielectric layer. An alignment feature is selectively formed on the first inter-level dielectric layer without forming the alignment feature on the blocking layer. The blocking layer is removed from the first conductive feature, and a second inter-level dielectric layer is formed on the alignment feature and on the first conductive feature. The second inter-level dielectric layer is patterned to define a recess for a second conductive feature, and the second conductive feature is formed within the recess.

Abstract: A semiconductor device package includes a carrier, an electronic component, a connection element and an encapsulant. The electronic component is disposed on a surface of the carrier. The connection element is disposed on the surface and adjacent to an edge of the carrier. The encapsulant is disposed on the surface of the carrier. A portion of the connection element is exposed from an upper surface and an edge of the encapsulant.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for training a predictor that predicts performance of a plurality of machine learning (ML) models on platforms. For example, the method can include converting each of the ML models into a plurality of instructions or the instructions and a plurality of intermediate representations (IRs). The method can also include simulating execution of the instructions corresponding to each of the ML models on a platform and generating instruction performance reports. Each of the instruction performance reports can be associated with performance of the instructions corresponding to one of the ML models that are executed on the platform. The method can also include training the predictor with the instructions or the IRs as learning features and the instruction performance reports as learning labels, compiling the predictor into a library file, and storing the library file in a storage device.

Abstract: The audio processing system disclosed in the invention comprises an audio processor and an audio amplifier. The audio processor receives a data signal to generate a processed signal, and comprises at least one gain control circuit and at least one operational amplifier. The gain control circuit generates a gain signal according to a volume control signal, a reference signal, and a feedback signal. The operational amplifier couples to the gain control circuit and amplifies the data signal by the gain signal to generate a processed signal. The audio amplifier couples to the audio processor to receive and amplify the processed signal, wherein an amplified signal is generated.

Abstract: A sound playing system is disclosed. The sound playing system is used for playing sound from a portable media carrier and a personal computer, including a controlling unit and a switching unit. The controlling unit includes an audio signal receiving terminal, a data transmission terminal and a signal switch terminal. The audio signal receiving terminal receives audio signals from the portable media carrier, the data transmission terminal receives data from the personal computer, and the signal switch terminal outputs a switch signal. The switching unit determines a data transmission path according to the switch signal.

Abstract: The audio processing system disclosed in the invention comprises an audio processor and an audio amplifier. The audio processor receives a data signal to generate a processed signal, and comprises at least one gain control circuit and at least one operational amplifier. The gain control circuit generates a gain signal according to a volume control signal, a reference signal, and a feedback signal. The operational amplifier couples to the gain control circuit and amplifies the data signal by the gain signal to generate a processed signal. The audio amplifier couples to the audio processor to receive and amplify the processed signal, wherein an amplified signal is generated.

Abstract: The audio processing system disclosed in the invention comprises an audio processor and an audio amplifier. The audio processor receives a data signal to generate a processed signal, and comprises at least one gain control circuit and at least one operational amplifier. The gain control circuit generates a gain signal according to a volume control signal, a reference signal, and a feedback signal. The operational amplifier couples to the gain control circuit and amplifies the data signal by the gain signal to generate a processed signal. The audio amplifier couples to the audio processor to receive and amplify the processed signal, wherein an amplified signal is generated.

Abstract: An audio signal hybrid controlling device is provided. The audio signal hybrid controlling device is used for selecting an audio signal from a plurality of audio signals for an audio output device. The audio signal hybrid controlling device comprises: a USB input terminal for receiving a first audio signal; a portable music carrier receiving terminal for receiving a second audio signal; an audio signal output terminal for outputting an audio signal to the audio output device; and a switching unit for selecting one signal from the first and the second audio signals for the audio signal output terminal.

Abstract: A sound playing system is disclosed. The sound playing system is used for playing sound from a portable media carrier and a personal computer, including a controlling unit and a switching unit. The controlling unit includes an audio signal receiving terminal, a data transmission terminal and a signal switch terminal. The audio signal receiving terminal receives audio signals from the portable media carrier, the data transmission terminal receives data from the personal computer, and the signal switch terminal outputs a switch signal. The switching unit determines a data transmission path according to the switch signal.

Abstract: The audio processing system disclosed in the invention comprises an audio processor and an audio amplifier. The audio processor receives a data signal to generate a processed signal, and comprises at least one gain control circuit and at least one operational amplifier. The gain control circuit generates a gain signal according to a volume control signal, a reference signal, and a feedback signal. The operational amplifier couples to the gain control circuit and amplifies the data signal by the gain signal to generate a processed signal. The audio amplifier couples to the audio processor to receive and amplify the processed signal, wherein an amplified signal is generated.

Abstract: A magneto-optical current sensor for measuring current flowing through a conductor, characterized by at least two components. One component is parallel to the direction of current flow and is proximate to a source of magnetic field. The other component is perpendicular to that direction and includes a surface in contact with said one component. One of the components having a reflective surface for reflecting a polarized light beam between components whereby a light signal is produced that is compensated for temperature, loop degradation, and linearity.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring current in a conductor characterized by a magneto-optical current sensor employing the Faraday effect to measure current in a high voltage transmission line. Polarized light having a predetermined plane of polarization is directed into the sensor which plane of polarization is rotated by magnetic field lines generated by the current in the conductor. A bimetal coil rotates the sensor to achieve temperature stability of the current signal in the temperature range of -40.degree. C. to 140.degree. C.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating isotopes in an isotopic mixture. Photo-excitation of selected isotopic species is utilized in conjunction with various processes including reaction of the excited species with positive ions of predetermined ionization energy, other excited species or free electrons. The products of the reactions include forms of the selected isotopic species which are different than their form prior to excitation, including different mass, charge or chemical make-up. The selected species is then separated from the balance of the reaction products. Ions and electrons are produced by an electrical discharge, and separation is achieved through radial ambipolar diffusion, electrostatic or magnetohydrodynamic techniques.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating isotopes in an isotopic mixture of atoms or molecules by increasing the mass differential among isotopic species. The mixture containing a particular isotope is selectively irradiated so as to selectively excite the isotope. This preferentially excited species is then reacted rapidly with an additional preselected radiation, an electron or another chemical species so as to form a product containing the specific isotope, but having a mass different than the original species initially containing the particular isotope. The product and the remaining balance of the mixture is then caused to flow through a device which separates the product from the mixture based upon the increased mass differential.

Abstract: A method for separating isotopes in which a selected isotope of a given molecule is first excited to enhance preferential dissociative electron attachment, which facilitates the separation of the desired isotope from its natural mixture. Molecules incorporating the particular isotope of interest are selectively excited to the proper vibrational and/or electronic state by narrow line radiation to enhance preferential dissociative electron attachment. The excited molecules are then exposed to low energy electrons which dissociatively attach to the excited molecules forming stable negative ion fragments. The negative ion or neutral fragments containing the desired isotopes are then separated from the remaining mixture resulting in an enrichment of the desired isotope.

Abstract: The detection of electronegative gases through the use of a dissociative electron attachment process is enhanced by exciting the molecules of an electronegative gas of interest to an electronic or vibrational level to increase the cross section of the molecule for dissociative attachment of electrons to produce negative ions indicative of the gas molecules of interest.