Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for predicting the battery performance based on a combination of material parameters of a battery pulping process, including obtaining a target prediction model; and obtaining a combination of material parameters to be predicted corresponding to the battery pulping process, and inputting the combination of the material parameters to be predicted into the target prediction model to obtain a target battery performance level corresponding to the combination of the material parameters to be predicted. The method of the present disclosure adopts a mathematical model method instead of manual testing, can quickly predict battery performance levels corresponding to different combinations of material parameters, and solves the problem that in the prior art, it is necessary to conduct separate tests for different input ratios of various materials to determine the impact of different material ratios on the battery performance.

Abstract: An engine consumes fuel and air to generate an exhaust gas stream. An exhaust system channels the exhaust gas stream from the engine to a tailpipe. An aftertreatment system is included in the exhaust system and includes a catalyst. An exhaust throttle valve is disposed in the exhaust system downstream from the aftertreatment system. An actuator controls an amount of air pumped through the engine. A controller operates the exhaust throttle valve and/or the actuator to control emissions from the exhaust system during a cold start and following a deceleration fuel cutoff event.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for recirculation of an engine exhaust gas. The system includes an engine, an exhaust system configured to channel exhaust gas from the engine to an outlet, an aftertreatment device, an exhaust recirculation system configured to divert at least some of the exhaust gas as recirculated exhaust gas from a first position in the exhaust system downstream of the aftertreatment device, through a buffer tank, and to a second position in the exhaust system upstream of the aftertreatment device, wherein the recirculated exhaust gas is combined with the exhaust gas at the second position, a controller configured to, by a processor, selectively operate the exhaust recirculation system to control the exhaust recirculation system to divert the exhaust gas and thereby cause the recirculated exhaust gas to be treated with the aftertreatment device more than once with sequentially increased catalyst temperatures.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for recirculation of an engine exhaust gas. The system includes an engine, an exhaust system configured to channel exhaust gas from the engine to an outlet, an aftertreatment device, an exhaust recirculation system configured to divert at least some of the exhaust gas as recirculated exhaust gas from a first position in the exhaust system downstream of the aftertreatment device, through a housing enclosing the aftertreatment device, and to a second position in the exhaust system upstream of the aftertreatment device, wherein the recirculated exhaust gas is combined with the exhaust gas at the second position, a controller configured to, by a processor, selectively operate the exhaust recirculation system to control the exhaust recirculation system to divert the exhaust gas and thereby cause the recirculated exhaust gas to be treated with the aftertreatment device more than once.

Abstract: Engine systems and methods use a dual air injection approach to control exhaust reactions and to maintain temperatures below a maximum limit of exhaust system components during engine enrichment operation conditions. Dual air injectors are disposed in the exhaust system with one upstream from, and another downstream from, the catalytic converter. Providing air injection before and/or after the converter helps convert all HC, CO, and PM emissions while keeping the catalyst temperature below the catalyst protection temperature limit. Air injection quantity may be controlled and diagnosed by monitoring the temperatures before and after the catalytic converter. The catalytic converter may be a three-way catalytic converter for lower cost or a downstream two-way catalytic converter may be added if further emission reduction is necessary.

Abstract: Engine systems use a three-way catalyst followed by air injection and mixing to convert all hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide under various load conditions when exhaust gas temperature is above 500 degrees Celsius. A three-way catalytic converter is disposed in the exhaust system. A nozzle is configured to inject air into the exhaust system downstream from the three-way catalytic converter. A mixing plate with or without catalyst coatings is disposed in the exhaust system downstream from the nozzle. The mixing plate is bow shaped with a concave shaped side facing the nozzle to enhance carbon monoxide conversion. Optional two way catalytic converters are added downstream from the mixing plate to further reduce tailpipe hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions.