Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) includes a decoder unit for receiving an external digital data signal operating over a first predefined voltage range (i.e., 0-5V); a resistor array for generating a plurality of gray voltages defined across a second voltage range that is substantially wider than the first predefined voltage range, and a voltage selecting unit for selecting one of the gray voltages based on an output of the decoder unit, wherein the decoder unit includes a plurality of decoder stages and first and second boost circuits for generating output signals operating over a third voltage range (i.e., 0-7V) that is substantially wider than the first predefined voltage range while not requiring an additional power supply for producing voltages of the third voltage range (i.e., 0-7V).

Abstract: A display substrate includes a plurality of pixel parts, each including a first and second gate lines, a source line, first, second, and third transistors, and a pumping capacitor. A display device includes a display panel, a gate driving part, a source driving part, and an output selecting part. Each pixel part of a display panel includes a transmissive part, a reflective part, and an adjusting part. The adjusting part adjusts the transmission voltage charged in the reflective part to a reflection voltage based on a control voltage. Thus, transmission voltage applied to the transmissive part is adjusted to reflection voltage to be applied to the reflective part. Therefore, optical reflectivity and optical transmissivity versus voltage are matched with each other, while embodying a single cell-gap and applying a single voltage.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes a display area having display pixels arranged in a matrix shape, and a dummy area that is formed proximate to an edge of the display area and that has a plurality of dummy pixels. Each dummy pixel includes a first electrode, a second electrode for receiving a common voltage, a liquid crystal layer formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a voltage supplier for supplying the first voltage to the first electrode. By removing a thin film transistor of a dummy pixel and directly applying a common voltage to a pixel electrode, the thin film transistor of the dummy pixel is destroyed when static electricity is introduced from the outside, thereby preventing static electricity from being introduced to the display area.

Abstract: A driving device for a display device includes a gray voltage generator generating a plurality of gray voltages, a voltage selector selecting an output voltage from the plurality of gray voltages, a voltage level converter converting a level of the output voltage selected by the voltage selector and applying the output voltage with a converted level to data lines, a first switching unit connecting the voltage level converter to the voltage selector and the data lines, and a second switching unit directly connecting the voltage selector and the data lines. Operating times of the first and second switching units are different. Accordingly, when a data voltage is charged in or discharged from a data line, since a separate discharging transistor or a separate discharging amplifier is not used, power consumption and an area of a data driver are reduced.

Abstract: A cogeneration system including a heat pump type air conditioner including an outdoor heat exchanger and an outdoor heat exchanger bypass conduit, and a cogeneration unit including a second outdoor heat exchanger, an outdoor heat exchanger bypass conduit, second outdoor heat exchanger connecting conduits, and second outdoor heat exchanger bypass conduit to cause the refrigerant to be evaporated in the second outdoor heat exchanger during a heating operation of the heat pump type air conditioner, and to cause the refrigerant to be condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger during a cooling operation of the heat pump type air conditioner, so that the heat pump type air conditioner can provide a constant heating capacity irrespective of a variation in outdoor temperature during the heating operation thereof.

Abstract: A method for controlling operations of an air-conditioner includes: a step in which when an operation load of an air-conditioner increases, if an outputted compressing capacity of the air-conditioner is smaller than a compressing capacity corresponding to the operation load and an operation frequency of the first compressor is a maximum frequency of the first compressor, a second compressor is operated; and a step in which when the operation load is reduced, if the outputted compressing capacity of the air-conditioner is greater than the compressing capacity corresponding to the operation load and the operation frequency of the first compressor is a minimum frequency of the first compressor, the second compressor is stopped.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device and a method of testing a display device. A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a gate driver for generating gate signals and applying the gate signals to switching elements; a precharge circuit for applying a predetermined voltage to the pixels to precharge the pixels; and a pad portion including a plurality of inspection pads for applying test signals to the gate driver and the precharge circuit. Accordingly, test signals are applied through pads using the gate driver and the precharge circuit, which makes it possible to check whether the two driving circuits normally operate and to detect defects, such as the disconnection or short-circuit of the signal lines, before a module process. Thus, it is possible to reduce manufacturing time and cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting Mycoplasma and its related strains which are source of contamination of cell lines and biological products and human pathogenic. More particularly, the present invention relates to genus-specific and species-specific oligonucleotides for genotyping of Mycoplasma, Acholeplasm and Ureaplasma strains, microarray comprising the oligonucleotides, and method for detection of species using the microarray. As described above, the present invention provides a rapid and accurate assay method capable of simultaneously detecting many Mycoplasma and its related strains from a single sample using a microarray comprising novel oligonucleotides for detecting Mycoplasma and its related strains which are known as a source of contamination of cell lines and biological products and human pathogenic.

Abstract: A cogeneration system including a pre-heater to pre-heat outdoor air blown toward the outdoor heat exchanger during a heating operation of a heat pump type air conditioner, an auxiliary evaporator to evaporate a refrigerant emerging from the outdoor heat exchanger during the heating operation of the heat pump type air conditioner, and waste heat recovering means to transfer waste heat of the engine to at least one of the pre-heater and the auxiliary evaporator. The cogeneration system exhibits a high energy efficiency.

Abstract: A single input level shifter, which performs a stable level-shifting operation without increasing its area when used with a thin film transistor (“TFT”) having a variety of different characteristics, and includes an intermediate voltage signal providing unit for providing an intermediate voltage signal having a voltage between a supply voltage and an input signal voltage, an inverting unit for receiving the intermediate voltage signal and providing an inverted intermediate voltage signal, and a voltage signal comparing unit for comparing the intermediate voltage signal with the inverted intermediate voltage signal and providing the supply voltage or the ground voltage according to the comparison. A TFT liquid crystal display (“LCD”) device employs the single input level shifter.

Abstract: A cogeneration system is constructed such that the waste heat recovered from the engine is supplied to the heat pump type air conditioner through the waste heat supplying heat exchanger, thereby maximizing heating capacity and efficiency. A waste heat supplying heat exchanger connecting conduit is formed so as to guide a refrigerant emerging from an indoor unit to enter an outdoor unit through the waste heat supplying heat exchanger, so that the flow path between the waste heat supplying heat exchanger and the heat pump type air conditioner is minimized, thereby reducing installation costs and flow resistance.

Abstract: A cogeneration system has an advantage that a cogeneration section is divided into a main unit and a sub unit, and an engine and a generator are included in the main unit, to thus enable the main unit and the sub unit to be installed at different locations, so that the main unit can be installed on the ground floor or basement of a building to thus minimize building vibrations or noises generated by a load, and the sub unit can be installed near to an air conditioner to thus minimize the length of a refrigerant passage, thereby reducing the installation cost and the flow passage resistance.

Abstract: A random bit generator and a method thereof are provided. The random bit generator includes an amplifier, a comparing circuit, an oscillator, a sampler, and a storage circuit. The amplifier amplifies a difference between input signals generated based on thermal noise. The comparing circuit compares an alternating current (AC) signal output from the amplifier with a direct current (DC) signal obtained by low-pass filtering the AC signal and outputs a signal according to the comparison result. The oscillator may be implemented with a resistor-capacitor (R-C) oscillator. The oscillator consumes lower current and occupies a smaller layout area than a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and outputs an oscillation signal. The sampler samples the oscillation signal output from the oscillator in response to the output signal of the comparing circuit. The storage circuit stores an output signal of the sampler in response to a clock signal.

Abstract: A cogeneration system is disclosed which includes a generator, a drive source for driving the generator, a waste heat supplying heat exchanger for enhancing the heating performance of a heat pump type air conditioner, an auxiliary heating heat exchanger using the waste heat of the drive source as a heat source for heating indoor air, and a regeneration heat supplying heat exchanger using the waste heat of the drive source as a heat source for regenerating a dehumidifier. The cogeneration system can use the waste heat of the drive source for diverse purposes in accordance with the indoor environment, and can have a maximal efficiency.

Abstract: A TFT array panel is provided, including an insulating substrate, gate lines horizontally provided on the insulating substrate, data lines isolated from the gate lines and intersecting the gate lines, a pixel electrode in a pixel region defined by intersecting the gate lines and data lines, a TFT for transmitting or intercepting an image signal transmitted through the plurality of data lines to the pixel electrode in response to a scanning signal transmitted from the plurality of gate lines, a transmission gate for distributing the image signal input from an input line to the plurality of data lines, and a repair line intersecting the input line of the transmission gate. Therefore, since the input repair line and the input line of the transmission gate are intersected, a parasitic capacitance occurring between the repair line and the input line of the transmission gate can be reduced.

Abstract: An amplifier includes a biasing section, first and second differential amplifying sections and an output section. The biasing section outputs first and second bias currents based on first and second power source voltages. The first differential amplifying section outputs a first amplified voltage based on the first bias current. The second differential amplifying section outputs a second amplified voltage based on the second bias current. The output section outputs the second power source voltage based on the first amplified voltage and the first power source voltage, and outputs the first power source voltage based on the second amplified voltage and the second power source voltage. Therefore, a variation of the threshold voltage is compensated to enhance display quality.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling oil of a multi-compressor installed in an air conditioner includes a microcomputer for sequentially stopping compressors installed in the air conditioner for a preset time and then sequentially operating the compressors when the preset time elapses; and oil pipes connected to the compressors and balancing oil in the compressors, so that damage of the compressors due to imbalance of refrigerating machine oil is prevented by uniformly dividing oil of a multi-compressor installed in the air conditioner.

Abstract: A display device includes a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel includes: a light emitting element; a first capacitor connected between a first node and a second node; a driving transistor having an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal connected to the second node where the driving transistor supplies a driving current to the light emitting element to emit light; a first switching unit supplying a first reference voltage to the driving transistor according to a first scanning signal and connecting the first node to a data voltage or the driving transistor; and a second switching unit supplying a driving voltage to the driving transistor according to a second scanning signal and connecting the first node to the data voltage. Accordingly, variations in threshold voltage of the driving transistor can be compensated for so that it is possible to display a uniform image.

Abstract: A display device is provided, which includes, a substrate, a plurality of gate lines formed on the substrate, a gate driver disposed on the substrate and transmitting gate signals to the gate lines, a repair gate driver disposed on the substrate and having a structure substantially the same as that of the gate driver, and a signal line coupled to the gate driver and the repair gate driver and transmitting at least one control signal to the gate driver.

Abstract: An amplifier includes a biasing section, first and second differential amplifying sections and an output section. The biasing section outputs first and second bias currents based on first and second power source voltages. The first differential amplifying section outputs a first amplified voltage based on the first bias current. The second differential amplifying section outputs a second amplified voltage based on the second bias current. The output section outputs the second power source voltage based on the first amplified voltage and the first power source voltage, and outputs the first power source voltage based on the second amplified voltage and the second power source voltage. Therefore, a variation of the threshold voltage is compensated to enhance display quality.