Abstract: The invention provides a method of defining the likelihood of a subject having bladder cancer, comprising the steps of: (A) assessing the subject's likelihood of having bladder cancer by: i. identifying at least one sub-population group appropriate to the subject; ii. determining the level of one or more biomarkers selected according to the sub-population group in a sample obtained from the subject; iii. inputting each of the biomarker values into an algorithm to produce an output value; and iv. correlating the output value with the likelihood of the subject having bladder cancer, wherein the sub-population group is selected according to smoking habits, gender, presence/absence of stone disease, history of benign prostate enlargement (BPE) or prescription of anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet and/or anti-ulcer medication, and (B) determining the subject's stratified risk level of serious disease by: v.

Abstract: The present invention related to a method for detecting a history of exposure to a chemical(s) comprising measuring the concentration of thrombomodulin in a sample isolated from a subject, and determining whether the concentration of thrombomodulin is altered compared to control reference levels.

Abstract: Methods for the detection of, or the risk of, bladder cancer in a patient, comprising assaying for the presence of a combination of at least two biomarkers selected from CEA, VEGF, IL-8, NGAL, NSE, IL-2, EGF, TM, d-Dimer, MMP-9, IL-6, IL-4, MMP-9/NGAL, FAS, CRP, TUP and NMP22 in one or more samples isolated from a patient wherein detecting the presence of a combination of at least two biomarkers in the one or more samples indicates the presence or risk of bladder cancer.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of defining the likelihood of a subject having bladder cancer, comprising the steps of: (A) assessing the subject's likelihood of having bladder cancer by: i. identifying at least one sub-population group appropriate to the subject; ii. determining the level of one or more biomarkers selected according to the sub-population group in a sample obtained from the subject; iii. inputting each of the biomarker values into an algorithm to produce an output value; and iv. correlating the output value with the likelihood of the subject having bladder cancer, wherein the sub-population group is selected according to smoking habits, gender, presence/absence of stone disease, history of benign prostate enlargement (BPE) or prescription of anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet and/or anti-ulcer medication, and (B) determining the subject's stratified risk level of serious disease by: v.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of detecting bladder cancer including assaying a patient sample for the levels of certain combinations of biomarkers. The disclosure also relates to methods for determining the efficacy of a drug for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the detection of or the risk of bladder cancer in a patient, comprising the step of detecting the presence of a combination of at least two biomarkers selected from CEA, VEGF, IL-8, NGAL, NSE, IL-2, EGF, TM, d-Dimer, MMP-9, IL-6, IL-4, MMP-9/NGAL, FAS, CRP, TUP and NMP22 in one or more samples isolated from a patient wherein the presence of a combination of at least two biomarkers in the one or more samples indicates the presence or risk of bladder cancer.