Abstract: A system for supplying a low DC voltage to a vehicle from at least one high voltage battery of the vehicle. The system includes a first DC-DC converter and a second DC-DC converter. The first DC-DC converter is configured to convert a high DC voltage from the at least one battery of the vehicle to a low DC voltage. The second DC-DC converter has a lower power compared to the first DC-DC converter and is configured to convert a high DC voltage from the at least one battery of the vehicle to the low DC voltage. The first DC-DC converter and the second DC-DC converter are configured to be connected to the at least one high voltage battery.

Abstract: A system for supplying a low DC voltage to a vehicle from high voltage batteries of the vehicle. The system includes a first DC-DC converter and a second DC-DC converter. The first DC-DC converter is configured to convert a high DC voltage provided by a first battery of the vehicle to a low DC voltage. The second DC-DC converter is configured to convert a high DC voltage provided by a second battery of the vehicle to a low DC voltage. The first DC-DC converter is configured to be electrically connected to the first battery. The second DC-DC converter is configured to be electrically connected to the second battery.

Abstract: A system includes a first DC-DC converter, a second DC-DC converter, and a third DC-DC converter. The first DC-DC converter is configured to convert a high DC voltage from a first battery of a vehicle to a low DC voltage. The second DC-DC converter is configured to convert a high DC voltage from a second battery of the vehicle to the low DC voltage. The third DC-DC converter has a lower output power compared to the first and second DC-DC converters and is configured to convert a high DC voltage from the batteries of the vehicle to the low DC voltage. The first DC-DC converter is configured to be connected to the first battery. The second DC-DC converter is configured to be connected to the second battery. The third DC-DC converter is configured to be connected to the first and second batteries in series.

Abstract: A solid state relay (SSR) module may include a first solid state switch configured to establish and break an electrical connection between an input terminal and an output terminal. The module includes an electronic controller configured to turn the first solid state switch on or off and a top cover formed of an electrically insulative thermoplastic material. The power circuit board is disposed within a cavity in the top cover. The top cover defines openings through which the input and output terminals extend. The module also includes a thermally conductive bottom cover in thermal communication with the first solid state switch, a compliant thermal interface paste disposed between the bottom cover and the first solid state switch, and a resilient thermal interface pad attached to the bottom cover by an adhesive layer on the resilient thermal interface pad.

Abstract: A pet food traceability system includes a client end and a server end. The client end includes a registration and login module, a traceability graphic code generating module, a mall module, and a wallet management module. The server end includes a server and a blockchain. The server is used for saving the process and data of random affairs sent out from the client end on the blockchain, and the blockchain is used for verifying, storing, and outputting the random affair sent out from the client end. Since all random affairs are newly occurred, their information is also random and unpredictable. Furthermore, the process and data of these random affairs are stored in the blockchain. This renders the pet food traceability information immutable, and its authenticity and reliability are ensured. A pet food traceability method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for strain-based estimation of the state of health of a battery, from an initial state to an aged state, is provided. A strain gauge is applied to the battery. A first strain measurement is performed on the battery, using the strain gauge, at a selected charge capacity of the battery and at the initial state of the battery. A second strain measurement is performed on the battery, using the strain gauge, at the selected charge capacity of the battery and at the aged state of the battery. The capacity degradation of the battery is estimated as the difference between the first and second strain measurements divided by the first strain measurement.

Abstract: A method and system for strain-based estimation of the state of health of a battery, from an initial state to an aged state, is provided. A strain gauge is applied to the battery. A first strain measurement is performed on the battery, using the strain gauge, at a selected charge capacity of the battery and at the initial state of the battery. A second strain measurement is performed on the battery, using the strain gauge, at the selected charge capacity of the battery and at the aged state of the battery. The capacity degradation of the battery is estimated as the difference between the first and second strain measurements divided by the first strain measurement.

Abstract: In a computer system with a memory hierarchy, when a high-level cache supplies a data copy to a low-level cache, the shared copy can be either volatile or non-volatile. When the data copy is later replaced from the low-level cache, if the data copy is non-volatile, it needs to be written back to the high-level cache; otherwise it can be simply flushed from the low-level cache. The high-level cache can employ a volatile-prediction mechanism that adaptively determines whether a volatile copy or a non-volatile copy should be supplied when the high-level cache needs to send data to the low-level cache. An exemplary volatile-prediction mechanism suggests use of a non-volatile copy if the cache line has been accessed consecutively by the low-level cache. Further, the low-level cache can employ a volatile-promotion mechanism that adaptively changes a data copy from volatile to non-volatile according to some promotion policy, or changes a data copy from non-volatile to volatile according to some demotion policy.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a spray-on, non-woven fabric system and multilayer wound coverings for promoting wound healing, where the fabric system includes a first spray-on composition including a non-volatile carrier for keeping the wound moist and a second spray-on composition for covering the first composition and protecting the wound which includes fibers, a volatile carrier, and a binding agent, and where the multilayer wound covering includes a first layer formed from the first spray-on composition and a second layer covering the first layer, the second layer formed from the second spray-on composition.

Abstract: In a computer system with a memory hierarchy, when a high-level cache supplies a data copy to a low-level cache, the shared copy can be either volatile or non-volatile. When the data copy is later replaced from the low-level cache, if the data copy is non-volatile, it needs to be written back to the high-level cache; otherwise it can be simply flushed from the low-level cache. The high-level cache can employ a volatile-prediction mechanism that adaptively determines whether a volatile copy or a non-volatile copy should be supplied when the high-level cache needs to send data to the low-level cache. An exemplary volatile-prediction mechanism suggests use of a non-volatile copy if the cache line has been accessed consecutively by the low-level cache. Further, the low-level cache can employ a volatile-promotion mechanism that adaptively changes a data copy from volatile to non-volatile according to some promotion policy, or changes a data copy from non-volatile to volatile according to some demotion policy.

Abstract: In a computer system with a memory hierarchy, when a high-level cache supplies a data copy to a low-level cache, the shared copy can be either volatile or non-volatile. When the data copy is later replaced from the low-level cache, if the data copy is non-volatile, it needs to be written back to the high-level cache; otherwise it can be simply flushed from the low-level cache. The high-level cache can employ a volatile-prediction mechanism that adaptively determines whether a volatile copy or a non-volatile copy should be supplied when the high-level cache needs to send data to the low-level cache. An exemplary volatile-prediction mechanism suggests use of a non-volatile copy if the cache line has been accessed consecutively by the low-level cache. Further, the low-level cache can employ a volatile-promotion mechanism that adaptively changes a data copy from volatile to non-volatile according to some promotion policy, or changes a data copy from non-volatile to volatile according to some demotion policy.

Abstract: In a computer system with a memory hierarchy, when a high-level cache supplies a data copy to a low-level cache, the shared copy can be either volatile or non-volatile. When the data copy is later replaced from the low-level cache, if the data copy is non-volatile, it needs to be written back to the high-level cache; otherwise it can be simply flushed from the low-level cache. The high-level cache can employ a volatile-prediction mechanism that adaptively determines whether a volatile copy or a non-volatile copy should be supplied when the high-level cache needs to send data to the low-level cache. An exemplary volatile-prediction mechanism suggests use of a non-volatile copy if the cache line has been accessed consecutively by the low-level cache. Further, the low-level cache can employ a volatile-promotion mechanism that adaptively changes a data copy from volatile to non-volatile according to some promotion policy, or changes a data copy from non-volatile to volatile according to some demotion policy.