Abstract: Provided are hard carbon beads, their preparation method, and an energy storage device comprising the same. Microwave heating is used to synthesize cross-linked phenolic formaldehyde for reducing energy consumption and controlling the crosslinking density of cured phenolic formaldehyde. The problems caused by high temperature heating and hydrothermal process for curing resin can be solved by the instant disclosure, which can increase the economic values of electrode and energy storage device comprising the hard carbon beads.

Abstract: A method of preparing a soft carbon material for high-voltage supercapacitors includes: providing an initial soft carbon material characterized by: (A) a first carbon layer spacing greater than 0.345 nm but less than 0.360 nm; (B) a crystal plane (002) with a length (Lc) less than 6 nm; (C) a crystal plane (101) with a length (La) less than 6 nm; and (D) an intensity ratio (I(002)/I(101)) of the crystal plane (002) to the crystal plane (101) obtained by XRD analysis being less than 60; performing an alkaline activation on the initial soft carbon material with an alkaline activator to obtain a first processing carbon material; and performing an electrochemical activation on the first processing carbon material with an electrolyte to obtain the soft carbon material for the high-voltage supercapacitors.

Abstract: A non-membrane deionization and ion-concentrating apparatus is connected to a power supply and includes a microfluidic channel, two current collectors and an electroactive material. The microfluidic channel is disposed between the two current collectors, and the power supply applies a voltage to the two current collectors. The electroactive material is coated and connected to at least one of the two current collectors, wherein the electroactive material has a reversible redox ability.

Abstract: Provided are a precursor solution, and a modified layer and a lithium-based battery prepared by using the same. The modified layer is formed on the negative electrode, the positive electrode and/or the separator of the lithium-based battery by using the precursor solution through photo-polymerization reaction or thermal curing. The lithium-based battery comprising the modified layer effectively promotes the charge and discharge capability, cycling life, and safety. The modified layer can be applied to a roll-to-roll process. The formation of lithium dendrites in the lithium-based battery comprising the modified layer is significantly suppressed or reduced during the charge-discharge cycles. The shuttle effect is effectively suppressed or reduced in lithium sulfur batteries and lithium iodine batteries. All the above effects are beneficial to increasing the product value of lithium ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, anode-free lithium batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, and lithium iodine batteries.

Abstract: Provided are hard carbon beads, their preparation method, and an energy storage device comprising the same. Microwave heating is used to synthesize cross-linked phenolic formaldehyde for reducing energy consumption and controlling the crosslinking density of cured phenolic formaldehyde. The problems caused by high temperature heating and hydrothermal process for curing resin can be solved by the instant disclosure, which can increase the economic values of electrode and energy storage device comprising the hard carbon beads.

Abstract: A method of preparing a soft carbon material for high-voltage supercapacitors includes: providing an initial soft carbon material characterized by: (A) a first carbon layer spacing greater than 0.345 nm but less than 0.360 nm; (B) a crystal plane (002) with a length (Lc) less than 6 nm; (C) a crystal plane (101) with a length (La) less than 6 nm; and (D) an intensity ratio (I(002)/I(101)) of the crystal plane (002) to the crystal plane (101) obtained by XRD analysis being less than 60; performing an alkaline activation on the initial soft carbon material with an alkaline activator to obtain a first processing carbon material; and performing an electrochemical activation on the first processing carbon material with an electrolyte to obtain the soft carbon material for the high-voltage supercapacitors.

Abstract: A composite film includes a fiber structure layer and a filling material layer. The fiber structure layer has a plurality of fibers and a first melting temperature. The filling material layer is disposed on the fiber structure layer and has a second melting temperature. At least one of the fibers extends into the filling material layer, and the first melting temperature is greater than the second melting temperature. Wherein the fiber structure layer includes a polymer selected from a group consisting of PI, polyurethanes (PU), polyamide, polybenzimidazole, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, polyethyleneterephtalate, poly(vinylidenefluoride), poly(4-methylpentene) (TPX), and the arbitrary combinations thereof; the filling material layer includes polyolefin or polyester.

Abstract: A composite water purification apparatus and method thereof are provided. The composite water purification apparatus includes a container, a sacrificial anode, a photocatalyst anode and a cathode. The container is employed for receiving liquid including water and gas. The photocatalyst anode includes a photocatalyst for conducting a photocatalytic reaction. The cathode is electrolyzed with the sacrificial anode and the photocatalyst anode. The cathode, the sacrificial anode, and the photocatalyst anode are immersed in the container to contact the liquid. The present invention enhances the purity of the water, while prolonging the service life of the sacrificial anode.

Abstract: An asymmetric supercapacitor includes a negative electrode made of a first carbon, a positive electrode made of a soft carbon, a separator and an electrolyte. The separator is disposed in between the negative and positive electrodes. The soft carbon has an activation threshold (AT) larger than 1400, and the activation threshold (AT) is obtained from the following formula: AT=La*(Aa/Ac). La is an in-plane correlation length of the soft carbon, Aa is an area of amorphous peak of the soft carbon analyzed by X-ray diffraction in Gaussian distribution graph, and Ac is an area of crystalline peak of the soft carbon analyzed by X-ray diffraction in Gaussian distribution graph.

Abstract: An asymmetric supercapacitor includes a negative electrode made of a first carbon, a positive electrode made of a soft carbon, a separator and an electrolyte. The separator is disposed in between the negative and positive electrodes. The soft carbon has an activation threshold (AT) larger than 1400, and the activation threshold (AT) is obtained from the following formula: AT=La*(Aa/Ac). La is an in-plane correlation length of the soft carbon, Aa is an area of amorphous peak of the soft carbon analysed by X-ray diffraction in Gaussian distribution graph, and Ac is an area of crystalline peak of the soft carbon analysed by X-ray diffraction in Gaussian distribution graph.

Abstract: An asymmetric supercapacitor includes a negative electrode made of a first carbon, a positive electrode made of a soft carbon, a separator and an electrolyte. The separator is disposed in between the negative and positive electrodes. The soft carbon has an activation threshold (AT) larger than 1400, and the activation threshold (AT) is obtained from the following formula: AT=La*(Aa/Ac). La is an in-plane correlation length of the soft carbon, Aa is an area of amorphous peak of the soft carbon analysed by X-ray diffraction in Gaussian distribution graph, and Ac is an area of crystalline peak of the soft carbon analysed by X-ray diffraction in Gaussian distribution graph.

Abstract: An asymmetric supercapacitor includes a negative electrode made of a first carbon, a positive electrode made of a soft carbon, a separator and an electrolyte. The separator is disposed in between the negative and positive electrodes. The soft carbon has an activation threshold (AT) larger than 1400, and the activation threshold (AT) is obtained from the following formula: AT=La*(Aa/Ac). La is an in-plane correlation length of the soft carbon, Aa is an area of amorphous peak of the soft carbon analysed by X-ray diffraction in Gaussian distribution graph, and Ac is an area of crystalline peak of the soft carbon analysed by X-ray diffraction in Gaussian distribution graph.

Abstract: A composite water purification apparatus and method thereof are provided. The composite water purification apparatus includes a container, a sacrificial anode, a photocatalyst anode and a cathode. The container is employed for receiving liquid including water and gas. The photocatalyst anode includes a photocatalyst for conducting a photocatalytic reaction. The cathode is electrolyzed with the sacrificial anode and the photocatalyst anode. The cathode, the sacrificial anode, and the photocatalyst anode are immersed in the container to contact the liquid. The present invention enhances the purity of the water, while prolonging the service life of the sacrificial anode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode of a supercapacitor, comprising: (A) providing a carbon substrate and a phosphorus-containing precursor, and mixing the carbon substrate and the phosphorus-containing precursor at a ratio of 1:100 to 1000:1 by weight; (B) heating the mixture of the carbon substrate and the phosphorus-containing precursor to a temperature between 300° C. and 1100° C. to obtain a P-doped carbon substrate; and (C) forming an electrode of a supercapacitor by using the P-doped carbon substrate. The present invention also relates to a supercapacitor which comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte that is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is prepared by the above-mentioned method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode of a supercapacitor, comprising: (A) providing a carbon substrate and a phosphorus-containing precursor, and mixing the carbon substrate and the phosphorus-containing precursor at a ratio of 1:100 to 1000:1 by weight; (B) heating the mixture of the carbon substrate and the phosphorus-containing precursor to a temperature between 300° C. and 1100° C. to obtain a P-doped carbon substrate; and (C) forming an electrode of a supercapacitor by using the P-doped carbon substrate. The present invention also relates to a supercapacitor which comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte that is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is prepared by the above-mentioned method.

Abstract: A titanium dioxide coating method is disclosed. An electrolyte containing Ti3+ and at least one of NO3? and NO2? is provided for an electrodeposition device. A substrate is immersed into the electrolyte and electrically connected to the electrodeposition device. A cathodic current is applied to the substrate via the electrodeposition device for reduction of NO2? or NO3?. A titanium dioxide film is thus formed on the surface of the substrate. The thickness, porosity, and morphology of the titanium dioxide film can be controlled by varying the electroplating parameters, and relatively uniform deposits on complex shapes can be obtained by use of low cost instruments.