Abstract: An automated data storage library of unique design includes a plurality of storage cell magazines containing storage cells for holding storage media cartridges therein. A picker mechanism having multiple direction capability is positioned for accessing and transporting the storage media cartridges between at least three adjacent storage cell magazines. The picker mechanism includes a pair of gripper pickers configured for releasably gripping and supporting the storage media cartridges during transport between the storage cells. The picker mechanism is rotatable so that one of the grippers can be utilized to access two of the adjacent storage cell magazines while the second gripper accesses the third storage cell magazine. For increased efficiency, the picker mechanism can be positioned between opposing columns of storage cell magazines together with a single storage cell column at one end.

Abstract: A data storage library includes a plurality of storage cell magazines containing storage cells for holding storage media cartridges therein. A double gripper picker mechanism is positioned for accessing and transporting the storage media cartridges between at least two adjacent storage cell magazines. The picker mechanism may be a pass through double gripper picker with cartridge sliding motion. The picker grippers are configured for releasably gripping and supporting the storage media cartridges during transport between the storage cells. For increased efficiency, the picker mechanism can be positioned between opposing pairs of storage cell magazines. Additionally, plural picker mechanisms can be positioned between opposing sets of storage cell magazines having three adjacent storage cell magazines each. The three adjacent storage cell magazines include a central magazine and a pair of lateral magazines on opposing first and second sides of the central magazine.

Abstract: A recordable media cartridge picker assembly and library is provided wherein the library has the plurality of cartridge receptacles arranged in a matrix of stacked rows and side by side columns. A plurality of cartridge pickers are capable of removing or inserting a cartridge with respect to a cartridge receptacle when aligned therewith. A device is provided for selectively aligning each cartridge picker with cartridge receptacles in either column of a respective pair of columns. This device is also used for selectively transporting a cartridge between the columns. A device is also provided for interconnecting at least two of the cartridge pickers aligning and transporting devices. This device positions the two cartridge pickers for selective alignment and transportation between two pairs of columns, the two pairs of columns having one column which is common to both.

Abstract: A data storage system provides the data security afforded by write-once, read-many storage media and the lower cost afforded by rewritable storage media. To effectively write protect data, the system generates a protective code based upon the data to be stored, stores the protective code and a data identification on WORM media and stores the data and the location of the protective code on rewritable media. When the data is later read, it is verified by reading the data, generating a new protective code from the data and comparing the new code with the original code. Any difference between the two protective codes indicates that the data has been altered.

Abstract: The utilization of a level of a data storage hierarchy is monitored and the data in such level is manipulated in response thereto. In a data storage hierarchy including an automated storage library, the utilization is a mount rate relative to the maximum possible mount rate. When the combined utilization of all of the libraries exceeds a predetermined value, data is promoted from the most utilized library (or libraries) to a higher level in the data storage hierarchy until the combined utilization of all of the libraries is sufficiently reduced. By reducing the combined utilization of all of the libraries, the average queue time for library mount requests is prevented from becoming excessively long relative to the average library mount cycle time.

Abstract: An automated data storage library includes a plurality of storage cells for holding storage media cartridges therein. A picker mechanism is positioned for accessing and transporting the storage media cartridges between the storage cells. At least two cartridge grippers are mounted on the picker mechanism for selective movement along respective gripper paths. The grippers are configured for releasably gripping and supporting the storage media cartridges during transport between the storage cells. A gripper drive system mounted on the picker mechanism is used for positioning the grippers along the respective gripper paths. The gripper drive system includes a gripper engagement element for selectively engaging each of the grippers. A power system mounted on the picker mechanism is operatively connected to power the gripper drive system during gripper positioning.

Abstract: A resistance generator of a physical exercise apparatus generates a resistance that is the sum of two components: Isotonic and Isokinetic resistances; wherein the Isotonic is independent of motion speed and the Isokinetic increases with motion speed when the motion speed exceeds a preselected level. The Isokinetic component contains the user's exercise motion to an optimum speed range and provides resistance up to the user's maximum capacity. The Iostonic component insures a minimum resistance throughout the range of motion.

Abstract: A physical exercise apparatus for isokinetic and eccentric training which employs a permanent magnet electric motor/generator as the means for generating positive and negative loads. An electrical braking circuit which employs zener diodes governs the speed of a permanent magnet electric generator by providing a sharp increase of resisting torque with increasing rotation speed when the rotation speed reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: An electrical circuit governs the speed and resisting torque of a permanent magnet electric generator which is employed as a means for generating resistance for an isokinetic physical exercise machine to improve the effectiveness of the training. By providing a steep increase of resisting torque to the speed when the torque is below a predetermined value and when the speed exceeds a preset level, it insures a minimum resistance throughout the range of motion and contains the speed within a desired range.