Abstract: Provided herein are protective masks made with polymer-based materials and methods of forming the materials. Methods of forming the interlaced polymer-based materials comprise applying adhesive to a substrate, electrospinning a first polymer solution onto the substrate from a first group of spinning electrodes, electrospinning a second polymer solution onto the substrate from a second group of spinning electrodes, and applying hot air to dry the polymer-based materials electrospun from the first polymer solution and the second polymer solution to form the interlaced polymer-based materials.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a laminated fabric structure comprising: a fabric layer; a nanofibrous membrane comprising a matrix of nanofibers; and a permeable adhesive layer sandwiched between the fabric layer and the nanofibrous membrane and comprising a filled portion and an unfilled portion. The permeable adhesive layer is able to combine the nanofibrous membrane and fabric layers together to provide significant protection on the nanofibrous membrane without sacrificing on the air permeability of the laminated fabric structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-layered interlaced membrane comprising at least one substrate layer including a plurality of first polymer-based microfibers; at least one nanofibrous layer including a plurality of second polymer-based nanofibers where each of the nanofibers has one or more nano-branches; at least one interlaced layer including a plurality of third polymer-based submicron fibers where each of the submicron fibers has one or more nano-branches and a plurality of fourth polymer-based nanofibers where each of the nanofibers has one or more nano-branches, wherein the third polymer-based submicron fibers are interlaced with the fourth polymer-based nanofibers; at least one submicron fibrous layer including a plurality of fifth polymer-based submicron fibers where each of the submicron fibers has one or more nano-branches.