Abstract: A method for manufacturing an implantable micro-biosensor includes the steps of: a) providing a substrate, b) forming on a first surface of the substrate a first working electrode which at least includes a first sensing section including a first conductive material, c) forming on the first surface of the substrate at least one second working electrode which at least includes a second sensing section disposed proximate to at least one side of the first sensing section, and d) forming a chemical reagent layer which at least covers the first conductive material of the first sensing section and which reacts with the analyte to produce a product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a measuring method for prolonging a usage lifetime of a biosensor to measure a physiological signal representative of a physiological parameter associated with an analyte in a biofluid. The biosensor includes two working electrodes at least partially covered by a chemical reagent and two counter electrodes having silver and a silver halide, and each silver halide has an initial amount.

Abstract: The present invention provides a micro biosensor for reducing a measurement interference when measuring a target analyte in the biofluid, including: a substrate; a first working electrode configured on the surface, and including a first sensing section; a second working electrode configured on the surface, and including a second sensing section which is configured adjacent to at least one side of the first sensing section; and a chemical reagent covered on at least a portion of the first sensing section for reacting with the target analyte to produce a resultant. When the first working electrode is driven by a first working voltage, the first sensing section measures a physiological signal with respect to the target analyte. When the second working electrode is driven by a second working voltage, the second conductive material can directly consume the interferant so as to continuously reduce the measurement inference of the physiological signal.

Abstract: An implantable micro-biosensor a substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and a chemical reagent layer. The first electrode is disposed on the substrate and used as a counter electrode. The second electrode is disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from the first electrode. The third electrode is disposed on the substrate and used as a working electrode. The chemical reagent layer at least covers a sensing section of the third electrode so as to permit the third electrode to selectively cooperate with the first electrode or the first and second electrodes to measure a physiological signal in response to the physiological parameter of the analyte.

Abstract: An implantable micro-biosensor a substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and a chemical reagent layer. The first electrode is disposed on the substrate and used as a counter electrode. The second electrode is disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from the first electrode. The third electrode is disposed on the substrate and used as a working electrode. The chemical reagent layer at least covers a sensing section of the third electrode so as to permit the third electrode to selectively cooperate with the first electrode or the first and second electrodes to measure a physiological signal in response to the physiological parameter of the analyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides a micro biosensor for reducing a measurement interference when measuring a target analyte in the biofluid, including: a substrate; a first working electrode configured on the surface, and including a first sensing section; a second working electrode configured on the surface, and including a second sensing section which is configured adjacent to at least one side of the first sensing section; and a chemical reagent covered on at least a portion of the first sensing section for reacting with the target analyte to produce a resultant. When the first working electrode is driven by a first working voltage, the first sensing section measures a physiological signal with respect to the target analyte. When the second working electrode is driven by a second working voltage, the second conductive material can directly consume the interferant so as to continuously reduce the measurement inference of the physiological signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sensing structure of a micro biosensor for performing a measurement of a physiological parameter of a target analyte of a biofluid and reducing an interference of an interferant of the biofluid on the measurement by an electrochemical reaction. The sensing structure includes: a substrate having a surface; a first working electrode configured on the surface, and including an active surface; at least one second working electrode configured on the surface and adjacent to the first working electrode, for consuming the interferant by the electrochemical reaction; and an isolated layer configured with respect to the active surface to program a diffusive distribution of the interferant when the biofluid flows through the second working electrode, wherein at least the interferant of the biofluid passes through the second working electrode over a time period and is consumed by the second working electrode by the electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: A processing apparatus applied in an artificial neuron is disclosed. The processing apparatus comprises a parser, a lookup array, a summing circuit and a MAC circuit. The parser parses one of M packets to extract a non-zero weight value from a header of the one packet, to identify a plurality of bit positions with a specified digit from a payload of the one packet, and to output the non-zero weight value and the bit positions in parallel. The lookup array contains N synapse values and is indexed by the bit positions in parallel to generate a plurality of match values. The summing circuit sums up the match values to generate a sum value. The MAC circuit generates a product of the non-zero weight value and the sum value, and generates an accumulate value based on the product and at least one previous accumulate value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a micro biosensor for reducing a measurement interference when measuring a target analyte in the biofluid, including: a substrate; a first working electrode configured on the surface, and including a first sensing section; a second working electrode configured on the surface, and including a second sensing section which is configured adjacent to at least one side of the first sensing section; and a chemical reagent covered on at least a portion of the first sensing section for reacting with the target analyte to produce a resultant. When the first working electrode is driven by a first working voltage, the first sensing section measures a physiological signal with respect to the target analyte. When the second working electrode is driven by a second working voltage, the second conductive material can directly consume the interferant so as to continuously reduce the measurement inference of the physiological signal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an implantable micro-biosensor includes the steps of: a) providing a substrate, b) forming on a first surface of the substrate a first working electrode which at least includes a first sensing section including a first conductive material, c) forming on the first surface of the substrate at least one second working electrode which at least includes a second sensing section disposed proximate to at least one side of the first sensing section, and d) forming a chemical reagent layer which at least covers the first conductive material of the first sensing section and which reacts with the analyte to produce a product.

Abstract: An implantable micro-biosensor a substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and a chemical reagent layer. The first electrode is disposed on the substrate and used as a counter electrode. The second electrode is disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from the first electrode. The third electrode is disposed on the substrate and used as a working electrode. The chemical reagent layer at least covers a sensing section of the third electrode so as to permit the third electrode to selectively cooperate with the first electrode or the first and second electrodes to measure a physiological signal in response to the physiological parameter of the analyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides a measuring method for prolonging a usage lifetime of a biosensor to measure a physiological signal representative of a physiological parameter associated with an analyte in a biofluid. The biosensor includes two working electrodes at least partially covered by a chemical reagent and two counter electrodes having silver and a silver halide, and each silver halide has an initial amount.

Abstract: An acceleration apparatus applied in an artificial neuron is disclosed. The acceleration apparatus comprises an AND gate array, a first storage device, a second storage device and a multiply-accumulate (MAC) circuit. The AND gate array with plural AND gates receives a first bitmap and a second bitmap to generate an output bitmap. The first storage device stores a first payload and outputs a corresponding non-zero first element according to a first access address associated with a result of comparing the first bitmap with the output bitmap. The second storage device stores a second payload and outputs a corresponding non-zero second element according to a second access address associated with a result of comparing the second bitmap with the output bitmap. The MAC circuit calculates a dot product of two element sequences from the first storage device and the second storage device.

Abstract: An acceleration apparatus applied in an artificial neuron is disclosed. The acceleration apparatus comprises an AND gate array, a first storage device, a second storage device and a multiply-accumulate (MAC) circuit. The AND gate array with plural AND gates receives a first bitmap and a second bitmap to generate an output bitmap. The first storage device stores a first payload and outputs a corresponding non-zero first element according to a first access address associated with a result of comparing the first bitmap with the output bitmap. The second storage device stores a second payload and outputs a corresponding non-zero second element according to a second access address associated with a result of comparing the second bitmap with the output bitmap. The MAC circuit calculates a dot product of two element sequences from the first storage device and the second storage device.

Abstract: A processing apparatus applied in an artificial neuron is disclosed. The processing apparatus comprises a parser, a lookup array, a summing circuit and a MAC circuit. The parser parses one of M packets to extract a non-zero weight value from a header of the one packet, to identify a plurality of bit positions with a specified digit from a payload of the one packet, and to output the non-zero weight value and the bit positions in parallel. The lookup array contains N synapse values and is indexed by the bit positions in parallel to generate a plurality of match values. The summing circuit sums up the match values to generate a sum value. The MAC circuit generates a product of the non-zero weight value and the sum value, and generates an accumulate value based on the product and at least one previous accumulate value.

Abstract: A method for memory management is provided for a memory including a plurality of pages. The method comprises assigning in-use pages to in-use buckets according to use counts. The in-use buckets include a low in-use bucket for a lowest range of use counts, and a high in-use bucket for a highest range of use counts. The method comprises assigning free pages to free buckets according to use counts. The free buckets include a low free bucket for a lowest range of use counts, and a high free bucket for a highest range of use counts. The method maintains use counts for in-use pages. On a triggering event for a current in-use page, the method determines whether the use count of the current in-use page exceeds a hot swap threshold, and if so moves data in the current in-use page to a lead page in the low free bucket.

Abstract: A method for memory management is provided for a memory including a plurality of pages. The method comprises assigning in-use pages to in-use buckets according to use counts. The in-use buckets include a low in-use bucket for a lowest range of use counts, and a high in-use bucket for a highest range of use counts. The method comprises assigning free pages to free buckets according to use counts. The free buckets include a low free bucket for a lowest range of use counts, and a high free bucket for a highest range of use counts. The method maintains use counts for in-use pages. On a triggering event for a current in-use page, the method determines whether the use count of the current in-use page exceeds a hot swap threshold, and if so moves data in the current in-use page to a lead page in the low free bucket.