Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a substrate; a plurality of memory cells positioned over the substrate, each of the plurality of memory cells having a multi-layer structure including a memory pattern; a sealing layer pattern filling a lower portion of a space between the memory cells, the lower portion being positioned below a bottom surface of the memory pattern; a liner layer pattern formed along a surface of an upper portion of the space to partially fill the upper portion; and a dielectric layer pattern filling a remaining portion of the space unfilled by the sealing layer pattern and the liner layer pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for wrinkle reduction comprising, as an active ingredient, a Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenoside fraction and, more specifically, to a cosmetic composition for wrinkle reduction, wherein the Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenoside fraction includes at least one gypenoside selected from the group consisting of gypenoside UL1, gypenoside UL2, gypenoside UL3, gypenoside UL4, gypenoside UL5, gypenoside UL6, and gypenoside UL7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising natural plant extracts for alleviating inflammation caused by yellow dust and fine particulate, wherein the plant extracts of the present invention inhibit a production of NO caused by the yellow dust and fine particulate and a production of inflammatory cytokines, thus having an excellent effect on preventing or alleviating skin inflammation caused by the yellow dust, fine particulate and other harmful substances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for wrinkle reduction comprising, as an active ingredient, a Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenoside fraction and, more specifically, to a cosmetic composition for wrinkle reduction, wherein the Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenoside fraction includes at least one gypenoside selected from the group consisting of gypenoside UL1, gypenoside UL2, gypenoside UL3, gypenoside UL4, gypenoside UL5, gypenoside UL6, and gypenoside UL7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising natural plant extracts for alleviating inflammation caused by yellow dust and fine particulate, wherein the plant extracts of the present invention inhibit a production of NO caused by the yellow dust and fine particulate and a production of inflammatory cytokines, thus having an excellent effect on preventing or alleviating skin inflammation caused by the yellow dust, fine particulate and other harmful substances.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a user interface unit that includes a scan area, an image reading unit that reads an image of a scan object disposed on the scan area, a driving unit that moves the image reading unit, a control unit that controls a function according to a position of the scan object, an operation performing unit that performs the function by using the read image, and a storage unit that stores information about the function corresponding to the position of the scan object. The scan area includes a determination area and a function area, and when it is determined that the scan object does not exist on the determination area, the control unit controls the operation performing unit to perform the function corresponding to the position of the scan object on the function area.

Abstract: A security document with a high level of security fabricated at low cost by using an image forming apparatus-based security document management system is provided. The management system may include a near field communication (NFC) tag reader/writer, a method of managing a security document, a method of creating a security document, a method of certifying a security document, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming apparatus-based security document management system. A method of managing a security document by using an image forming apparatus including an NFC tag reader/writer may include an embodiment reading an integrated NFC tag of security paper including the integrated NFC tag by using the NFC tag reader/writer; performing a security document creation process for the security paper when a first S/N is stored in the NFC tag; and performing a security document certification process for the security document when the first S/N, a key value, and a second S/N are stored in the NFC tag.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a user interface unit that includes a scan area, an image reading unit that reads an image of a scan object disposed on the scan area, a driving unit that moves the image reading unit, a control unit that controls a function according to a position of the scan object, an operation performing unit that performs the function by using the read image, and a storage unit that stores information about the function corresponding to the position of the scan object. The scan area includes a determination area and a function area, and when it is determined that the scan object does not exist on the determination area, the control unit controls the operation performing unit to perform the function corresponding to the position of the scan object on the function area.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a mobile communication terminal based on contact that allows input of various user's contact information through a contact sensor are provided, which includes a contact sensor contact sensor that includes a plurality of contact switches arranged in a grid array and sensing the user's contact to produce contact signals. A contact information generator generates contact information using the contact signals. A controller determines whether the contact information is preset contact information, and executes a command that is set corresponding to the contact information if the contact information is preset contact information, or sets a command to be executed corresponding to the contact information if the contact information is not preset contact information. The grid arrangement of the contact switches allows input of contact information using various methods. Accordingly, a user can directly set or modify a method for inputting a command for controlling a function.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for displaying a moving image using a plurality of contrast tones in a mobile communication terminal, which allow effective display of color moving image data. The method includes generating contrast tone moving image data represented by a plurality of contrast tones from color moving image data, wherein the contrast tones vary depending on an ambient brightness; and displaying an moving image using the generated contrast tone moving image data. The method and apparatus enable a moving image to be naturally rendered by making full use of contrast tones even when an input moving image screen is too bright or too dark.