Abstract: A multimode immersion cooling system includes a first, single-phase immersion cooling mode and a second, two-phase immersion cooling mode. The system operates in a single phase mode and reserves a two-phase mode for peak energy consumption periods. A single thermal transfer fluid is used for both modes, remaining in a liquid phase in a first single-phase immersion cooling mode and vaporizing when the thermal transfer fluid temperature reaches its boiling point in a second two-phase immersion cooling mode. A heat exchanger extracts thermal energy from heated thermal transfer fluid in the single phase mode while a condenser cools vaporized thermal transfer fluid to condense the vapor during the second, two-phase immersion cooling mode. A controller determines whether the multimode immersion cooling system operates in the single-phase mode or the second two-phase mode, or both.

Abstract: An immersion cooling system includes a fluid-retaining container having space for accommodating an electronic device. A heat transfer fluid is in contact with the electronic device. A heat exchanger contacts and condenses vapor from vaporization of the heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid has a thermal conductivity higher than 0.08 W m?1K?1, a dielectric constant (Dk) 20-40 GHz less than 3.0, and a heat of vaporization higher than 150 kJ kg?1, with fire retarding features, compatibility with plastics, metals, rubbers and includes a partially fluorinated compound. The improved immersion cooling system includes fluids with increased thermal conductivity and heat of vaporization while reducing fluid density and maintaining the advantages of the fluid being non-flammable, having high electrical stability and a low dielectric constant.

Abstract: Provided herein are a series of water-soluble photochromic naphthopyran compounds, a mixture and a polymer thin film comprising the same, and applications thereof in photochromic materials, especially water-soluble photochromic material. The present photochromic naphthopyran compounds display excellent water solubility in neutral pH environment, rapid light response and fast thermal bleaching.

Abstract: A photochromic composition having at least one photochromic naphthopyran-based component with R? and R? groups selected from hydrogen, alkyl, fluorinated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, halogen, amine, carbonate ester, carboxylate, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl or a heterocyclic group and Ar? and Ar? groups selected from unsubstituted or substituted cyclic five-membered or six-membered structures including benzene, pyridine, thiophene, furan, carbazole, triphenylamine, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, fluorine, naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene. The photochromic composition is excitable under a visible light range to produce a color change. A second photochromic naphthopyran-based component with a different thermal decay rate constant (k) may further be included in the photochromic composition. The photochromic composition is incorporated into color-changing inks and polymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anisotropic, thermal conductive, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite including a plurality of aligned polymer nanofibers to form a polymer mat or scaffold having a first and second planes of orientation of the polymer nanofibers. The first plane of orientation of the polymer nanofibers has a thermal conductivity substantially the same as or similar to that of the second plane, and the thermal conductivity of the first or second plane of orientation of the polymer nanofibers is at least 2-fold of that of a third plane of orientation of the polymer nanofibers which is about 90 degrees out of the first and second planes of orientation of the polymer nanofibers, respectively, while the electrical resistance of each of the first and second planes is at least 3 orders lower than that of the third plane. A method for preparing the present composite is also provided.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes an electrode plate and a separation layer on at least one surface of the electrode plate. The separation layer includes a nanofibrous porous substrate including nanofibers and polymer particles distributed in the nanofibrous porous substrate including nanofibers. A melting temperature of the polymer particles is 70° C. to 150° C.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes electrode plates and a separation layer formed on a surface of an electrode plate. The separation layer includes a porous layer formed on the surface of the electrode plate. The porous layer includes nanofibers. It takes 15 seconds or less for an electrolytic solution to infiltrate into the separation layer. The separation layer exhibits functions of a separator. Therefore, the electrochemical device achieves at least a relatively high energy density without using a stand-alone separator.

Abstract: An electrochemical device which includes an electrode plate and a porous layer formed on a surface of the electrode plate. The porous layer includes nanofibers and inorganic particles. The nanofibers and the inorganic particles are bonded together by a crosslinker. In addition, an electronic device, which includes this electrochemical device.

Abstract: A visible light activated ink that produces a color change when exposed to visible light is provided. The ink includes a visible light activated photochromic compound, one or more binders, additives including one or more surfactants, and a solvent. The visible light activated ink is substantially colorless in the as-deposited state and requires a visible light intensity of approximately 300 W/m2 or greater at a wavelength of approximately 400-700 nm to produce a color change.

Abstract: A quantum dot-based color display includes a backlight unit with a light source and light source distribution layer and a photo down-conversion light emissive layer. The photo down-conversion layer has populations of light-emitting Group II-VI core-shell structure quantum dots, the core having an excess amount of a Group II component in a ratio to a Group VI component of approximately 6:1 or greater. The quantum dots include an organic fraction of approximately 20 weight percent to approximately 45 weight percent, the organic fraction including ligands bound to quantum dot surfaces in an as-deposited state and including one or more long-chain fatty acids. Non-barrier polymer films are positioned on either side of the photo down conversion light emissive layer which exhibits photo stability at a light intensity of at least 4000 W/m2. A display panel cooperates with the back light unit to form the display.

Abstract: A quantum dot-based color display includes a backlight unit with a light source and light source distribution layer and a photo down-conversion light emissive layer. The photo down-conversion layer has populations of light-emitting Group II-VI core-shell structure quantum dots, the core having an excess amount of a Group II component in a ratio to a Group VI component of approximately 6:1 or greater. The quantum dots include an organic fraction of approximately 20 weight percent to approximately 45 weight percent, the organic fraction including ligands bound to quantum dot surfaces in an as-deposited state and including one or more long-chain fatty acids. Non-barrier polymer films are positioned on either side of the photo down conversion light emissive layer which exhibits photo stability at a light intensity of at least 4000 W/m2. A display panel cooperates with the back light unit to form the display.

Abstract: A method for preparation of perovskite quantum dot (PQD)/polymer/ceramic ternary complex includes encapsulation of bifunctional coating including ceramic and polymer. Encapsulation sequence of polymer and ceramic may be altered according to the application. In one scenario, the perovskite quantum dots may be protected with ceramic coating first and further coated with polymer to obtain the perovskite/ceramic/polymer ternary complex. In another scenario, the perovskite quantum dots may be protected with polymer coating first and followed by ceramic coating to obtain the perovskite/polymer/ceramic ternary complex. The PQD ternary complex may provide synergistic effect on improvement of stability towards heat and moisture when compared to existing technology.

Abstract: The preset invention provides an electrode structure for a lithium ion battery comprising an electrode selected from a cathode including a lithium-based material or an anode including a conductive material, and a melt-convertible encapsulation layer covering at least one surface layer of the electrode. The melt-convertible encapsulation layer comprises a network of nanofibers having the diameter ranging approximately from 100 to 300 nm and polymer microspheres embedded in and coated on the nanofibrous network, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the polymer microspheres to the diameter of the nanofiber is over 30. The polymer microspheres melt to form a dielectric coating of the electrode so as to prevent fire or thermal runaway at a temperature approximately from 100 to 200° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermally-decomposable consolidated polymer particle encapsulated-electrode for a lithium-ion battery. The electrode includes polymer particles including at least one connection unit and at least one crosslinker in an amount of approximately 40% to 98% by weight and at least one binder material in an amount of approximately from 2% to 60% by weight. The consolidated crosslinked polymer particle coating results in a porous structure encapsulating the electrode. The pressure resistance of the consolidated crosslinked polymer particle coating ranges approximately from 0.5 to 8 MPa and the consolidated crosslinked polymer particle coating is decomposed to release a non-flammable gas and phosphorous-containing molecules so as to prevent thermal runaway at a temperature approximately from 300° C. to 500° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides an EMI shielding device including a flame retarding, thermal interface material composite with a through plane thermal conductivity of no less than 30 W/mK and a dielectric withstanding voltage of no less than 1 kV/mm, where the composite includes at least one dielectric layer of self-aligned, carbon-based materials associated with superparamagnetic particles and at least one layer of fillers including a blend of dielectric heat transfer materials with a thermal or UV curable polymer or phase change polymer. The anisotropic heat transfer carbon-based materials associated with superparamagnetic materials are aligned under a low magnetic field strength of less than 1 Tesla to an orientation that results in a high thermal conductivity direction which can conduct the maximum heat from the adjacent device of the present composite. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composite.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anisotropic, thermal conductive, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite including a plurality of aligned polymer nanofibers to form a polymer mat or scaffold having a first and second planes of orientation of the polymer nanofibers. The first plane of orientation of the polymer nanofibers has a thermal conductivity substantially the same as or similar to that of the second plane, and the thermal conductivity of the first or second plane of orientation of the polymer nanofibers is at least 2-fold of that of a third plane of orientation of the polymer nanofibers which is about 90 degrees out of the first and second planes of orientation of the polymer nanofibers, respectively, while the electrical resistance of each of the first and second planes is at least 3 orders lower than that of the third plane. A method for preparing the present composite is also provided.

Abstract: A composite server heat sink with a metal base having a thermal conductivity of at least 200W/mK. Plural fins extend from the metal base, each fin having an anisotropic thermal conductivity in a range of approximately 300 to 650 W/mK in a longitudinal direction of the fin and less than approximately 30 W/mK in a widthwise direction of the fin. Each fin includes graphite in an amount of approximately 45-70 wt. %, diamond in an amount of approximately 2.5 to 10 wt. % with the balance comprising a metal selected from one or more of copper and aluminum. To create the anisotropic thermal properties, the graphite is aligned along the longitudinal direction of the fin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite server heat sink with a metal base having a thermal conductivity of at least 200 W/mK. Plural fins extend from the metal base, each fin having an anisotropic thermal conductivity in a range of approximately 300 to 650 W/mK in a longitudinal direction of the fin and less than approximately 30 W/mK in a widthwise direction of the fin. Each fin includes graphite in an amount of approximately 45-70 wt. %, diamond in an amount of approximately 2.5 to 10 wt. % with the balance comprising a metal selected from one or more of copper and aluminum. To create the anisotropic thermal properties, the graphite is aligned along the longitudinal direction of the fin.

Abstract: A barrier free quantum dot particles film includes a free standing layer comprising shielded quantum dot particles; wherein the shielded quantum dot particles are formed by shielding quantum dot particles by at least one shielding method; wherein the shielded quantum dot particles are characterized in resisting at least one condition selected from the group consisting of high temperature, high humidity and water; and wherein the shielded quantum dot particles are dispersed in an acrylate adhesive. A method of fabricating a barrier free quantum dot particles free standing film is also disclosed. The method of fabrication of shielded quantum dot particles film on a light emitting diode (LED) lens is also disclosed.

Abstract: A barrier free quantum dot particles film includes a free standing layer comprising shielded quantum dot particles; wherein the shielded quantum dot particles are formed by shielding quantum dot particles by at least one shielding method; wherein the shielded quantum dot particles are characterized in resisting at least one condition selected from the group consisting of high temperature, high humidity and water; and wherein the shielded quantum dot particles are dispersed in an acrylate adhesive. A method of fabricating a barrier free quantum dot particles free standing film is also disclosed. The method of fabrication of shielded quantum dot particles film on a light emitting diode (LED) lens is also disclosed.