Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a substrate; a plurality of memory cells positioned over the substrate, each of the plurality of memory cells having a multi-layer structure including a memory pattern; a sealing layer pattern filling a lower portion of a space between the memory cells, the lower portion being positioned below a bottom surface of the memory pattern; a liner layer pattern formed along a surface of an upper portion of the space to partially fill the upper portion; and a dielectric layer pattern filling a remaining portion of the space unfilled by the sealing layer pattern and the liner layer pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a scourer (10) which can be used along with a shape-supporting body. The scourer (10) includes a mesh body (2) having a sparse and/or dense mesh and being bendable or foldable, and the shape-supporting body (13) which is formed in a flat plate shape from synthetic resin or rubber and attached to a portion of a surface of the mesh body when used. The shape-supporting body (13) has a toothed portion (13b) made up of a plurality of tooth-like members (13bb) arranged along at least one edge portion (13a) of the shape-supporting body (13). The scourer (10) according to the present invention is convenient for removal of dirt stuck in deep, narrow recessed portions or the inside corners of a container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of saccharifying biomass, such as algae or agricultural by-products by performing a high-pressure extrusion pulverization process for the biomass, such as algae or agricultural by-products, and more particularly to a method of saccharifying biomass, which includes homogenizing and crushing algae or agricultural by-products, and extruding the algae or agricultural by-products through a micro-diameter tube to pulverize the algae or agricultural by-products. Non-biodegradable polymers, such as cellulose, which is a polysaccharide included in biomass, such as algae or agricultural by-products, hemicelluloses, starch, and complex polysaccharide, are hydrolyzed at high glycosylation efficiency through an eco-friendly pretreatment process using water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a scourer (10) which can be used along with a shape-supporting body. The scourer (10) includes a mesh body (2) having a sparse and/or dense mesh and being bendable or foldable, and the shape-supporting body (13) which is formed in a flat plate shape from synthetic resin or rubber and attached to a portion of a surface of the mesh body when used. The shape-supporting body (13) has a toothed portion (13b) made up of a plurality of tooth-like members (13bb) arranged along at least one edge portion (13a) of the shape-supporting body (13). The scourer (10) according to the present invention is convenient for removal of dirt stuck in deep, narrow recessed portions or the inside corners of a container.