Abstract: A visual examining and training device includes a wearing unit that is suitable for wearing on a head of a user, that is configured to be disposed in front of the eyes of the user, and that has a main housing, and two lens adjusting units spacedly disposed in the main housing and each of which includes a lens carrier having a tubular member defining an inner space, a rotary lens holder assembly disposed in the inner space, two prisms coaxially disposed in the rotary lens holder assembly, a focal length adjusting lens disposed in the inner space spaced apart from the prisms, and a drive mechanism connected to the rotary lens holder assembly for driving the same together with the prisms to rotate. A control unit is signally connected to the drive mechanisms of the lens adjusting units for controlling operation of the same.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes bat comprising a first hollow barrel, a second hollow barrel disposed in the first hollow barrel and spaced a distance apart from the first hollow barrel, and a compressible material disposed between the first hollow barrel and the second hollow barrel. The disclosed technology further includes a bat, which has a hollow barrel and an internal assembly configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel. The internal assembly includes a rod disposed longitudinally in the hollow barrel, a ring attached to the rod, a deformable sleeve (a second hollow barrel) disposed around the ring and extending longitudinally in the hollow barrel. The bat can include a compressible material disposed between the hollow barrel and the deformable sleeve.

Abstract: A bat, which has a hollow barrel and an internal assembly configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel, is disclosed. The internal assembly includes a rod disposed longitudinally in the hollow barrel, a ring attached to the rod, a deformable sleeve disposed around the ring and extending longitudinally in the hollow barrel. The sleeve can include an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel. The bat can include an end cap attached to an end of the hollow barrel and having a recess configured to receive an end of the rod. The rod can be configured to maintain the deformable sleeve in a predetermined suspended position within the hollow barrel such that, when the bat is at rest, the sleeve is disposed a predetermined gap distance from an inner surface of the hollow barrel.

Abstract: A bat includes a handle having a proximate end and a distal end, a barrel having a hollow portion that accommodates the distal end, and a first damping section at least partially sandwiched between the handle and the barrel in the interior of the hollow portion. The first damping section includes a first portion in contact with each of the handle and the barrel in the interior of the hollow portion, and a second portion disposed closer to the proximate end than the first portion, the second portion being in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the barrel and not being in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the handle. In a cross section along a center axis of the barrel, the barrel has a depression depressed relative to the inner peripheral surface in the cross section, the second portion has a protrusion fitted in the depression.

Abstract: A bat includes a handle having a proximate end and a distal end, a barrel having a hollow portion that accommodates the distal end, and a first damping section at least partially sandwiched between the handle and the barrel in the interior of the hollow portion. The first damping section includes a first portion in contact with each of the handle and the barrel in the interior of the hollow portion, and a second portion disposed closer to the proximate end than the first portion, the second portion being in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the barrel and not being in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the handle. In a cross section along a center axis of the barrel, the barrel has a depression depressed relative to the inner peripheral surface in the cross section, the second portion has a protrusion fitted in the depression.

Abstract: A visual examining and training device includes a wearing unit that is suitable for wearing on a head of a user, that is configured to be disposed in front of the eyes of the user, and that has a main housing, and two lens adjusting units spacedly disposed in the main housing and each of which includes a lens carrier having a tubular member defining an inner space, a rotary lens holder assembly disposed in the inner space, two prisms coaxially disposed in the rotary lens holder assembly, a focal length adjusting lens disposed in the inner space spaced apart from the prisms, and a drive mechanism connected to the rotary lens holder assembly for driving the same together with the prisms to rotate. A control unit is signally connected to the drive mechanisms of the lens adjusting units for controlling operation of the same.

Abstract: A bat, which has a hollow barrel and an internal assembly configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel, is disclosed. The internal assembly includes a rod disposed longitudinally in the hollow barrel, a ring attached to the rod, a deformable sleeve disposed around the ring and extending longitudinally in the hollow barrel. The sleeve can include an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel. The bat can include an end cap attached to an end of the hollow barrel and having a recess configured to receive an end of the rod. The rod can be configured to maintain the deformable sleeve in a predetermined suspended position within the hollow barrel such that, when the bat is at rest, the sleeve is disposed a predetermined gap distance from an inner surface of the hollow barrel.

Abstract: A bat, which has a hollow barrel and an internal assembly configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel, is disclosed. The internal assembly includes multiple rods disposed longitudinally within the hollow barrel. The internal assembly can include a deformable ring having a substantially circular outer wall having a diameter less than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel and multiple holes, with each hole configured to at least partially receive a rod of the multiple rods. The bat can have an end cap including end cap holes extending partially through the end cap, with each end cap hole configured to at least partially receive a rod.

Abstract: A code disk is adapted to an optical absolute rotary encoder. The code disk is divided into a plurality of columns, with the plurality of columns disposed in a circumferential direction around a center position and respectively extending in a plurality of radial directions. The code disk comprises a plurality of disk sectors sequentially disposed in the circumferential direction around the center position, wherein each of the disk sectors comprises a plurality of code pieces, each of the code pieces comprises an encoded value, each of the encoded values comprises a plurality of bits adopting Manchester code, these bits are arranged in one of the radial directions, and the encoded values of two of the disk sectors are arranged as Gray code.

Abstract: A bat, which has a hollow barrel and an internal assembly configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel, is disclosed. The internal assembly includes multiple rods disposed longitudinally within the hollow barrel. The internal assembly can include a deformable ring having a substantially circular outer wall having a diameter less than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel and multiple holes, with each hole configured to at least partially receive a rod of the multiple rods. The bat can have an end cap including end cap holes extending partially through the end cap, with each end cap hole configured to at least partially receive a rod.

Abstract: A bat, which has a hollow barrel and an internal assembly configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel, is disclosed. The internal assembly includes multiple rods disposed longitudinally within the hollow barrel. The internal assembly can include a deformable ring having a substantially circular outer wall having a diameter less than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel and multiple holes, with each hole configured to at least partially receive a rod of the multiple rods. The bat can have an end cap including end cap holes extending partially through the end cap, with each end cap hole configured to at least partially receive a rod.

Abstract: A baseball or softball bat having a sound generator disposed therein. A resilient member retains a knocker in relation to an inner surface of the bat when the sound generator is in an inactive, at-rest state. Upon an impact of the barrel with an object, the resilient member flexes or is deformed causing the knocker to strike an inner surface of the bat and generate a simulated bat impact sound.

Abstract: A code disk is adapted to an optical absolute rotary encoder. The code disk is divided into a plurality of columns, with the plurality of columns disposed in a circumferential direction around a center position and respectively extending in a plurality of radial directions. The code disk comprises a plurality of disk sectors sequentially disposed in the circumferential direction around the center position, wherein each of the disk sectors comprises a plurality of code pieces, each of the code pieces comprises an encoded value, each of the encoded values comprises a plurality of bits adopting Manchester code, these bits are arranged in one of the radial directions, and the encoded values of two of the disk sectors are arranged as Gray code.

Abstract: A bat, which can have a hollow barrel and an internal assembly configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel, is disclosed. The internal assembly can include multiple rods disposed longitudinally within the hollow barrel. The internal assembly can include a deformable ring having a substantially circular outer wall having a diameter less than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel and multiple holes, with each hole configured to at least partially receive a rod. The bat can have an end cap including end cap holes extending partially through the end cap, with each end cap hole configured to at least partially receive a rod.

Abstract: A multi-component baseball or softball bat has a vibration absorber affixed to an end of the handle. The vibration absorber has a first section disposed within an end of the barrel of the bat and a second section disposed outside of the barrel. An outer locking sleeve has a first portion disposed over an end of the barrel and a second portion disposed over the second section of the vibration absorber. A vibration sleeve may be disposed between the outer surface of the barrel and an inner surface of the first portion of the outer locking sleeve.

Abstract: An optical encoding device includes a light source module, an encoding disc, and a photodetector. The light source module emits a source beam. The encoding disc is disposed on a passing path of the source beam. The encoding disc has first diffracting patterns. The first diffracting patterns include a plurality of sets of first diffracting patterns arranged along a radial direction of the encoding disc. Each set of the first diffracting patterns includes a plurality kinds of first diffracting patterns having different pattern extending directions and different pattern periods. When the encoding disc is rotating, the first diffracting patterns in each set of first diffracting patterns enter the passing path of the source beam in sequence, to cause a diffraction and form diffracted beams having different angles. The photodetector receives the diffracted beams having the different angles.

Abstract: A multi-component baseball or softball bat has a vibration absorber affixed to an end of the handle. The vibration absorber has a first section disposed within an end of the barrel of the bat and a second section disposed outside of the barrel. An outer locking sleeve has a first portion disposed over an end of the barrel and a second portion disposed over the second section of the vibration absorber. A vibration sleeve may be disposed between the outer surface of the barrel and an inner surface of the first portion of the outer locking sleeve.

Abstract: A shock and vibration absorbing system includes a shock and vibration dampener disposed within a handle or tapered section of a bat. The dampener includes at least one elastomeric dampening element for supporting a mass in suspension within the bat without the mass contacting an inner surface of the bat. The dampening elements include a body having the mass extending therethrough and a plurality of spaced apart projections having distal ends in contact with an inner surface of the bat.

Abstract: A barrel of a baseball or softball bat is coupled to an end of a handle of the bat by means of a vibration absorber affixed to the end of the handle. Projections of a first locking section of the vibration absorber engage with depressions formed on an inner surface of the barrel. Adhesive disposed within gaps and channels of the vibration absorber adhere the vibration absorber to the barrel. A second locking section of the vibration absorber is attachable to a sleeve disposed over the handle. The sleeve may be of a material having shock absorbing or dissipating characteristics.