Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of detecting the presence or absence of exosomes, the method comprising detecting an exosomal biomarker in a sample obtained from a subject. Also disclosed herein is a system and a biosensor, each for detecting an exosomal biomarker as disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method of detecting one or more exosomal protein in a sample includes the steps of: a) introducing the sample on at least a part of a first sensor having a nanostructure thereon, subjecting the first sensor to an optical radiation in a certain spectral range to produce a localized surface plasmon resonance and measuring an induced phase response; and b) introducing the sample on a second sensor having a nanostructure thereon, and obtaining an image via atomic force microscopy analysis with a probe functionalized with an antibody targeting the exosomal protein. A kit for detecting at least one exosomal protein in a sample includes a first sensor having a nanostructure thereon; a second sensor having a nanostructure thereon, and a probe functionalized with an antibody targeting the exosomal protein.

Abstract: A sensor for liquid biopsy, its method of making, and its method of non-invasive use. The sensor includes a substrate with a surface functionalized with biotinylated antibodies. The biotinylated antibodies are arranged to engage with surface proteins on exosomes associated with malignant cancer cells such as glioma cells.

Abstract: An optochemical detector and a method for fabricating an optochemical detector includes a light generation unit arranged to emit a light signal; a probe cell unit arranged to alter at least one physical characteristic of the light signal in response to an interaction with a target substance; and a light detection unit arranged to receive the light signal altered by the probe cell unit; wherein a detection of the target substance is characterized by a change in the at least one physical characteristic altered by the probe cell unit.

Abstract: A corrosion-free electrolyte for use in plasmonic-enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells includes ions of a plasmon-supporting metal, in particular iodide anions of the plasmon-supporting metal especially, but not exclusively, gold(I) diiodide anions ([AuI2]?) and/or gold(III) tetraiodide anions ([AuI4]?). Methods for preparing the electrolyte are also disclosed, as are methods for reducing the corrosion of plasmonic structures in plasmonic-enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells and for improving the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells, in particular plasmonic-enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells, by disposing the electrolyte between the electrodes.

Abstract: An optochemical detector and a method for fabricating an optochemical detector includes a light generation unit arranged to emit a light signal; a probe cell unit arranged to alter at least one physical characteristic of the light signal in response to an interaction with a target substance; and a light detection unit arranged to receive the light signal altered by the probe cell unit; wherein a detection of the target substance is characterized by a change in the at least one physical characteristic altered by the probe cell unit.

Abstract: An optical sensing apparatus and a method for detecting characteristics of a sample.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a plasmonic enhanced tandem dye sensitized solar cell system. The system has plasmonic nanostructures integrated to both a photoanode and a photocathode for enhancing respective electron and hole carrier transfer.

Abstract: An optical sensing apparatus and a method for detecting characteristics of a sample.

Abstract: An optical sensing device including a source unit configured to generate a polychromatic light beam containing p-polarized beam and s-polarized beam; an interferometric unit configured to introduce birefringent retardation for generating optical path difference between the p-polarized beam and the s-polarized beam; a SPR sensing unit configured to receive both p-polarized beam and s-polarized beam and induce a SPR effect to the p-polarized beam associated with a target sample; and a detection unit for detecting target sample characteristics by obtaining an interference spectrum of the p-polarized beam and the s-polarized beam from the SPR sensing unit.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a plasmonic enhanced tandem dye sensitized solar cell system. The system has plasmonic nanostructures integrated to both a photoanode and a photocathode for enhancing respective electron and hole carrier transfer.

Abstract: An optical sensing device including a source unit configured to generate a polychromatic light beam containing p-polarized beam and s-polarized beam; an interferometric unit configured to introduce birefringent retardation for generating optical path difference between the p-polarized beam and the s-polarized beam; a SPR sensing unit configured to receive both p-polarized beam and s-polarized beam and induce a SPR effect to the p-polarized beam associated with a target sample; and a detection unit for detecting target sample characteristics by obtaining an interference spectrum of the p-polarized beam and the s-polarized beam from the SPR sensing unit.