Abstract: A semiconductor structure is provided. The semiconductor structure includes a substrate, a channel layer, a barrier layer, a compound semiconductor layer, a gate electrode, and a stack of dielectric layers. The channel layer is disposed on the substrate. The barrier layer is disposed on the channel layer. The compound semiconductor layer is disposed on the barrier layer. The gate electrode is disposed on the compound semiconductor layer. The stack of dielectric layers is disposed on the gate electrode. The stack of dielectric layers includes layers having different etching rates.

Abstract: The polymerization stability and the chemical stability and the water resistance of resin films are improved. A surfactant composition according to an embodiment contains a surfactant (A) represented by general formula (1) and an anionic surfactant (B) having a hydrophobic group different from that of the surfactant (A). In the formula, R1 represents one or two groups selected from groups below, D1 represents a polymerizable unsaturated group represented by chemical formula D1-1 or D1-2 below, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, m1 and m2 represent 1 to 2, A1 represents an alkylene group with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and m3 represents 1 to 100.

Abstract: Provided is a surfactant composition that can impart good polymerization stability, that can yield an aqueous resin dispersion having good wettability, and that can improve water resistance and water-resistant adhesive strength of a resin film formed from the aqueous resin dispersion. The surfactant composition according to the present invention includes a compound C1 represented by formula (1): (in formula (1), A1 represents an alkylene group having 10 to 14 carbon atoms, A2 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, n is an average number of moles of an oxyalkylene group A2O added and is a number of 1 to 100, and X represents a hydrogen atom, a sulfate ester or a salt thereof, a phosphate ester or a salt thereof, or methylcarboxylic acid or a salt thereof); and a compound C2 represented by formula (2): (in formula (2), A1, A2, n, and X are as defined in formula (1)). A molar ratio C1/C2 of the compound C1 to the compound C2 is 99/1 to 84/16.

Abstract: The polymerization stability and the chemical stability and the water resistance of resin films are improved. A surfactant composition according to an embodiment contains a surfactant (A) represented by general formula (1) and an anionic surfactant (B) having a hydrophobic group different from that of the surfactant (A). R1 represents an alkyl group with 8 to 14 carbon atoms, A represents an alkylene group with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n representing an average number of moles of an oxyalkylene group added represents 1 to 100.

Abstract: The polymerization stability and the chemical stability and the water resistance of resin films are improved. A surfactant composition according to an embodiment contains a surfactant (A) represented by general formula (1) and an anionic surfactant (B) having a hydrophobic group different from that of the surfactant (A). In the formula, R1 represents one or two groups selected from groups below, D1 represents a polymerizable unsaturated group represented by chemical formula D1-1 or D1-2 below, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, m1 and m2 represent 1 to 2, A1 represents an alkylene group with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and m3 represents 1 to 100.

Abstract: Provided is a copolymer that can be used as a dispersant having high dispersibility and high slump retention capability. A copolymer according to an embodiment is a water-soluble copolymer that contains, as constituent monomers, at least one monomer selected from a monomer (A) represented by formula (1) and a monomer (B) represented by formula (2), and at least one monomer (C) selected from an unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer (C-1) and an oxyethylene group-containing unsaturated carboxylic acid ester (C-2). The content of the monomer (C) is 20 mass % or more and 99 mass % or less.

Abstract: The claimed invention relates to an enhanced mobile health detection and monitoring system utilizing non-invasive saliva screening of real-time health metrics coupled with remote deep analysis of body characteristics. Health information is derived from a combination of local chemical markers which are optically collected, locally reported and broadcast over a ‘cloud based’ internet data distribution system. The disclosed system, method and related device derives personal health and wellness information by combining saliva with disposable wellness indicators which are subsequently analyzed for pharmaceutical indicators as well as DNA, RNA and protein biomarkers to provide comprehensive wellness information.

Abstract: The polymerization stability and the chemical stability and the water resistance of resin films are improved. A surfactant composition according to an embodiment contains a surfactant (A) represented by general formula (1) and an anionic surfactant (B) having a hydrophobic group different from that of the surfactant (A). R1 represents an alkyl group with 8 to 14 carbon atoms, A represents an alkylene group with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n representing an average number of moles of an oxyalkylene group added represents 1 to 100.

Abstract: A method for scheduling radio resource in an unlicensed spectrum and a base station using the method is provided. This method includes following steps. Downlink data are obtained, and the first starting time point for a downlink transmission of this downlink data is estimated. A plurality of second starting times are set according to the first starting time point. A plurality of downlink control information (DCIs) for the downlink data are prepared before the earliest second start time point. Each of the DCIs is corresponding to each of the first start time point or the second start time points, and each of the DCIs points to a radio resource block of the downlink data. Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) procedure in the unlicensed spectrum is performed, and the DCIs are disposed in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) after the channel process is completed.

Abstract: A method for scheduling radio resource in an unlicensed spectrum and a base station using the method is provided. This method includes following steps. Downlink data are obtained, and the first starting time point for a downlink transmission of this downlink data is estimated. A plurality of second starting times are set according to the first starting time point. A plurality of downlink control information (DCIs) for the downlink data are prepared before the earliest second start time point. Each of the DCIs is corresponding to each of the first start time point or the second start time points, and each of the DCIs points to a radio resource block of the downlink data. Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) procedure in the unlicensed spectrum is performed, and the DCIs are disposed in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) after the channel process is completed.

Abstract: The claimed invention relates to an enhanced mobile health detection and monitoring system utilizing non-invasive saliva screening of real-time health metrics coupled with remote deep analysis of body characteristics. Health information is derived from a combination of local chemical markers which are optically collected, locally reported and broadcast over a ‘cloud based’ internet data distribution system. The disclosed system, method and related device derives personal health and wellness information by combining saliva with disposable wellness indicators which are subsequently analyzed for pharmaceutical indicators as well as DNA, RNA and protein biomarkers to provide comprehensive wellness information.

Abstract: Embodiments related to the setting of an operating point of an amplifier are described and depicted.

Abstract: Embodiments related to the setting of an operating point of an amplifier are described and depicted.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a linearity information associated with an amplifier includes an operating state determinator and an evaluator. The operating state determinator is configured to obtain information describing a gain of the amplifier for at least one bias condition of the amplifier. The evaluator is configured to obtain the linearity information based on both the information describing the gain of the amplifier and information about the at least one bias condition of the amplifier using a gain-bias characteristic of the amplifier. A bias circuit including the apparatus for providing the linearity information is also disclosed.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method and apparatus are provided herein for reducing the power consumption of a transmission chain while maintaining an acceptable figure of merit (e.g., linearity). In one embodiment, an adaptive biasing element is configured to perform adaptive biasing to reduce current consumption of a transmission chain by adjusting the operating point of one or more transmission chain elements (e.g., power amplifier, mixer, etc.). However, since adaptive biasing may reduce the linearity of a transmitted signal, its use is limited by the degradation of figure of merit caused by the introduced non-linearities. Accordingly, a pre-distortion element may be configured to perform adaptive digital pre-distortion (DPD) on a transmission chain input signal to account for non-linearities generated through the adaptive biasing, therefore allowing the adaptive biasing to further reduce the current consumption while maintaining an acceptable figure of merit.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a transmission circuit configured to dynamically adjust a number of active transistor cells within a power amplifier based upon a signal quality measurement determined from a feedback. The transmission circuit comprises a transmission chain having a power amplifier configured to provide an output signal. A feedback loop extends from the output of the power amplifier to a control circuit and is configured to provide measured information about output signal (e.g., phase, amplitude, etc.) to the control circuit. The control circuit utilizes the measured signal information to evaluate a measured signal quality of the output signal. The control circuit dynamically adjusts a number of active transistor cells within a power amplifier based upon a signal quality measurement until the power amplifier is optimized to operate at an operating point for low current and good transmission quality.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method and apparatus are provided herein for reducing the power consumption of a transmission chain while maintaining an acceptable figure of merit (e.g., linearity). In one embodiment, an adaptive biasing element is configured to perform adaptive biasing to reduce current consumption of a transmission chain by adjusting the operating point of one or more transmission chain elements (e.g., power amplifier, mixer, etc.). However, since adaptive biasing may reduce the linearity of a transmitted signal, its use is limited by the degradation of figure of merit caused by the introduced non-linearities. Accordingly, a pre-distortion element may be configured to perform adaptive digital pre-distortion (DPD) on a transmission chain input signal to account for non-linearities generated through the adaptive biasing, therefore allowing the adaptive biasing to further reduce the current consumption while maintaining an acceptable figure of merit.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a linearity information associated with an amplifier includes an operating state determinator and an evaluator. The operating state determinator is configured to obtain information describing a gain of the amplifier for at least one bias condition of the amplifier. The evaluator is configured to obtain the linearity information based on both the information describing the gain of the amplifier and information about the at least one bias condition of the amplifier using a gain-bias characteristic of the amplifier. A bias circuit including the apparatus for providing the linearity information is also disclosed.

Abstract: A detection switch system for video operation modules included a first video operation module, a second video operation module, a switch, an image data source and a detection module for operation loading. When an operation loading needed is less than a first critical operation loading of the first video operation module, the detection module for operation loading switches the switch to electrically connect with the first video operation module, and the image data source sends an image data to be operated to the first video operation module. When an operation loading needed is greater than the first critical operation loading of the first video operation module, the detection module for operation loading switches the switch to electrically connect with the second video operation module, and the image data source sends the image data to be operated to the second video operation module.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a transmission circuit configured to dynamically adjust a number of active transistor cells within a power amplifier based upon a signal quality measurement determined from a feedback. The transmission circuit comprises a transmission chain having a power amplifier configured to provide an output signal. A feedback loop extends from the output of the power, amplifier to a control circuit and is configured to provide measured information about output signal (e.g., phase, amplitude, etc.) to the control circuit. The control circuit utilizes the measured signal information to evaluate a measured signal quality of the output signal. The control circuit dynamically adjusts a number of active transistor cells within a power amplifier based upon a signal quality measurement until the power amplifier is optimized to operate at an operating point for low current and good transmission quality.