Abstract: In some implementations, one or more semiconductor processing tools may form a metal cap on a metal gate. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may form one or more dielectric layers on the metal cap. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may form a recess to the metal cap within the one or more dielectric layers. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may perform a bottom-up deposition of metal material on the metal cap to form a metal plug within the recess and directly on the metal cap.

Abstract: A 10BASE-T transmitter includes a Manchester encoder circuit, a waveform shaper circuit, and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit. The Manchester encoder circuit applies Manchester encoding to an input data to generate an encoded data. The waveform shaper circuit converts the encoded data into a plurality of digital codes. The DAC circuit generates a transmit (TX) waveform according to the plurality of digital codes. The waveform shaper circuit controls a portion of the plurality of digital codes for applying pre-compensation of inter-symbol interference (ISI) to the TX waveform.

Abstract: A 100BASE-TX transceiver includes a receive (RX) circuit, a transmit (TX) circuit, and a noise reduction circuit. The RX circuit receives an input data according to an RX clock, to generate an RX data. The TX circuit transmits a TX data according to a TX clock, to generate an output data, wherein the TX clock is constrained to be in sync with the RX clock. The noise reduction circuit applies noise reduction to the RX data according to the TX data, to generate a noise-reduced RX data.

Abstract: A 100BASE-TX transceiver includes a receive (RX) circuit, a transmit (TX) circuit, a clock generator circuit, a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit, and a clock multiplexer circuit. The RX circuit receives an input data to generate an RX data. The TX circuit transmits a TX data according to a TX clock, to generate an output data. The clock generator circuit generates an output clock. The CDR circuit generates an RX recovered clock according to the RX data. The clock multiplexer circuit receives the output clock and the RX recovered clock, and outputs the TX clock that is selected from the output clock and the RX recovered clock.

Abstract: A 10BASE-T transmitter includes a Manchester encoder circuit, a waveform shaper circuit, and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit. The Manchester encoder circuit applies Manchester encoding to an input data to generate an encoded data. The waveform shaper circuit converts the encoded data into a plurality of digital codes. The DAC circuit generates a transmit (TX) waveform according to the plurality of digital codes. The waveform shaper circuit controls a portion of the plurality of digital codes for applying pre-compensation of inter-symbol interference (ISI) to the TX waveform.

Abstract: An apparatus for raising poultry and livestock may comprise a plurality of elevated boards configured to be assembled with each other, and each of the elevated boards has a platform. At least two paralleled supporting boards respectively protrude from a bottom portion of the platform, and a flowing channel is formed between the two supporting boards. A top surface of the platform has a plurality of holes penetrating the platform, and each of a first pair of adjacent sides of the platform has at least a connecting slot while each of a second pair of adjacent sides of the platform comprises at least a protruding piece which is configured to engage with the connecting slot when two elevated boards connected. The present invention can fit any size of the farm and prevent poultry and livestock from being infected by their excrement.

Abstract: A temperature compensation method for laser power in an optical disk drive is provided. A predetermined linear-fitting power curve and a temperature-changing slope curve are previously stored in the optical disk drive. Firstly, an output of laser power is controlled according to the predetermined linear-fitting power curve to read/write data. Next, the temperature of the disk drive is detected. Then, whether the temperature has changed is checked. If the temperature has not changed, the method continues to read/write data. If the temperature has changed, the method obtains a relative slope from the slope curve by use of the temperature of the disk drive, displaces the slope of the predetermined linear-fitting power curve with the obtained relative slope to form a new linear-fitting power curve for replacing the predetermined linear-fitting power curve, and controls the output of laser power.

Abstract: A method of adjusting gain balance of an optical transducer includes the following steps. First, two external gains are predetermined. Next, the projection position of a reflection spot is adjusted toward one side of the optical transducer, and the current output values of the optical transducer each corresponding to one of the external gains are measured, respectively. Next, the projection position of the reflection spot is adjusted toward the other side of the optical transducer, and the current output values of the optical transducer each corresponding to one of the external gains are measured, respectively. Then, a gain balance value of the optical transducer is adjusted, and is set as the external gain. Next, the projection position of the reflection spot is adjusted. Finally, the projection position of the reflection spot, where the current output value of the transducer is equal to 0, is locked to complete the adjustment rapidly.

Abstract: A method for controlling laser power of an optical disk drive is provided. Firstly, a power-controlling curve of a first loop circuit is formed according to a real test. Next, two test points are selected from the power-controlling curve. Then, the voltage outputted from a second loop circuit is adjusted. After that, whether the generated internal power signal is equal to the internal power signal of the two test points is checked. Afterwards, the voltage outputted from the second loop circuit is recorded. Then, the gain of the two loop circuits under the same change of the internal power signal is calculated. Lastly, a gained power-controlling curve of the first loop circuit is used as a power-controlling curve of the second loop circuit, such that the power-controlling curve is quickly obtained.

Abstract: A method for identifying a layer number of an optical disc is provided. Firstly, a SA value is adjusted to a standard SA value of each of two data layers in sequence. Next, focusing courses are performed so as to enable the focus point to pass through the optical disc. Then, maximum amplitudes of focusing error signals in the focusing courses are recorded. After that, whether the maximum amplitudes of the focusing error signals recorded in the focusing courses are equal is checked. If the maximum amplitudes are equal, the optical disc is identified as a double-layered disc. If the maximum amplitudes are not equal, the optical disc is identified as a single-layered disc.

Abstract: A method for identifying an abnormal disc includes the steps of: forming three testing spherical aberration (SA) values including an SA value of a thinner data layer, a standard SA value and an SA value of a thicker data layer; adjusting to one of the testing SA values; performing focus for a target disc and recording a focus error signal; obtaining a maximum focus error signal and a corresponding testing SA value by way of comparison; and checking whether the corresponding testing SA value is equal to the standard SA value, and identifying the target disc as a normal disc if yes, or otherwise identifying the target disc as the abnormal disc and re-adjusting the SA value to enhance the signal quality.

Abstract: A method of adjusting gain balance of an optical transducer includes the following steps. First, two external gains are predetermined. Next, the projection position of a reflection spot is adjusted toward one side of the optical transducer, and the current output values of the optical transducer each corresponding to one of the external gains are measured, respectively, Next, the projection position of the reflection spot is adjusted toward the other side of the optical transducer, and the current output values of the optical transducer each corresponding to one of the external gains are measured, respectively. Then, a gain balance value of the optical transducer is adjusted, and is set as the external gain. Next, the projection position of the reflection spot is adjusted. Finally, the projection position of the reflection spot, where the current output value of the transducer is equal to 0, is locked to complete the adjustment rapidly.

Abstract: A method of detecting an abnormal disc is provided. Firstly, an objective lens is moved along a one-way path for enabling the light beam of the objective lens to pass through the data layer of a disc. Next, the path having RF signal is detected and recorded. Then, whether the terminal of the one-way path is reached is determined: if the terminal is not reached, the method continues to move the objective lens; if the terminal is reached, the method calculates the length of vibration path on which RF signal is detected. After that, whether the length of vibration path is larger than a path threshold is determined: if the length of vibration path is not larger than a path threshold, the disc is a normal disc; if the length of vibration path is larger than the path threshold, the disc is an abnormal disc.

Abstract: A method for controlling laser power of an optical disk drive is provided. Firstly, a power-controlling curve of a first loop circuit is formed according to a real test. Next, two test points are selected from the power-controlling curve. Then, the voltage outputted from a second loop circuit is adjusted. After that, whether the generated internal power signal is equal to the internal power signal of the two test points is checked. Afterwards, the voltage outputted from the second loop circuit is recorded. Then, the gain of the two loop circuits under the same change of the internal power signal is calculated. Lastly, a gained power-controlling curve of the first loop circuit is used as a power-controlling curve of the second loop circuit, such that the power-controlling curve is quickly obtained.

Abstract: A method for compensating the offset of a laser power control circuit, which predetermines a fixed reference voltage, adjusts the offset voltage by adding the reference voltage, outputs a summed voltage to a pick-up head, tries to ignite the pick-up head, detects the voltage of the pick-up head, checks whether the detected voltage rises to a specific threshold voltage, continues adjusting the offset voltage if the detected voltage has not risen to the specific threshold voltage and records the offset voltage if the detected voltage has risen to the specific threshold voltage, and configures the offset voltage to be the voltage offset compensation for the laser power control circuit, thereby eliminating feature differences of different pick-up heads of the laser power control circuit.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a method for distinguishing optical discs, which first locks a focus on a data layer of an optical disc to cross the grooves and the lands of the optical disc, then starts testing and counting the time for testing, records a detected RF signal, checks if the time for testing reaches a predetermined time, continues locking the focus on the data layer to test if it has not, finds out the maximum intensity of the detected RF signal among the recorded RF signals, and compares the maximum intensity of the detected RF signal with the parameters regarding formats of optical discs previously stored in order to correctly distinguish the optical disc.

Abstract: A temperature compensation method for laser power in an optical disk drive is provided. A predetermined linear-fitting power curve and a temperature-changing slope curve are previously stored in the optical disk drive. Firstly, an output of laser power is controlled according to the predetermined linear-fitting power curve to read/write data. Next, the temperature of the disk drive is detected. Then, whether the temperature has changed is checked. If the temperature has not changed, the method continues to read/write data. If the temperature has changed, the method obtains a relative slope from the slope curve by use of the temperature of the disk drive, displaces the slope of the predetermined linear-fitting power curve with the obtained relative slope to form a new linear-fitting power curve for replacing the predetermined linear-fitting power curve, and controls the output of laser power.