Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards an integrated chip including an interconnect structure overlying a semiconductor substrate. An upper dielectric structure overlies the interconnect structure. A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) substrate overlies the upper dielectric structure. A cavity is defined between the MEMS substrate and the upper dielectric structure. The MEMS substrate comprises a movable membrane over the cavity. A cavity electrode is disposed in the upper dielectric structure and underlies the cavity. A plurality of stopper structures is disposed in the cavity between the movable membrane and the cavity electrode. A dielectric protection layer is disposed along a top surface of the cavity electrode. The dielectric protection layer has a greater dielectric constant than the upper dielectric structure.

Abstract: A package structure is provided. The package structure includes a die, an encapsulant, a first redistribution line (RDL) structure, a second RDL structure, and a through via. The encapsulant laterally encapsulates the die. The first redistribution line (RDL) structure on a first side of the die and the encapsulant, wherein the first RDL structure comprises a dielectric layer and a redistribution layer in the dielectric layer. The second RDL structure is located on a second side of the die and the encapsulant. The through via extends through the encapsulant and the first redistribution line structure and connecting the second RDL structure. The through via is laterally separated from the redistribution layer by the dielectric layer therebetween.

Abstract: A package structure including a first redistribution layer, a semiconductor die, through insulator vias, an insulating encapsulant and a second redistribution layer. The first redistribution layer includes a dielectric layer, a conductive layer, and connecting portions electrically connected to the conductive layer. The dielectric layer has first and second surfaces, the connecting portions has a first side, a second side, and sidewalls joining the first side to the second side. The first side of the connecting portions is exposed from and coplanar with the first surface of the dielectric layer. The semiconductor die is disposed on the second surface of the dielectric layer. The through insulator vias are connected to the conductive layer. The insulating encapsulant is disposed on the dielectric layer and encapsulating the semiconductor die and the through insulator vias. The second redistribution layer is disposed on the semiconductor die and over the insulating encapsulant.

Abstract: A package structure and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The package structure includes a die, an encapsulant, a first redistribution line (RDL) structure, a second RDL structure, a conductive terminal, and a through via. The encapsulant laterally encapsulates the die. The first redistribution line (RDL) structure on a first side of the die and the encapsulant, wherein the first RDL structure comprises a dielectric layer and a redistribution layer in the dielectric layer. The second RDL structure is located on a second side of the die and the encapsulant. The conductive terminal is connected to the redistribution layer. The through via extends through the encapsulant and the redistribution layer to contact the conductive terminal and the second RDL structure.

Abstract: An optical element includes a linear polarizer layer and a transparent optical layer. The linear polarizer layer includes surfaces waviness and the transparent optical layer smooths the surfaces waves of the linear polarizer layer.

Abstract: An optical system is described. The optical system may include a sensor which may be in a mobile device. The optical system may use the same light source for imaging the display and for providing light to a sensor or sensor device. The optical system may be configured so that randomly polarized light will exit the device for viewing so that a user may view the display in any rotated orientation while wearing polarized eyewear. The optical system may further be configured to mitigate reflections in the mobile device from ambient light entering the system and from reflected and backscattered light from cross-contaminating the imaging light of the display.

Abstract: An optical lens assembly to accept various illumination ellipticity profiles as angle of incidence (AOI) varies is provided. The optical lens assembly may include an optical stack, such as pancake optics. The optical lens assembly may also include a switchable optical element communicatively coupled to a controller. The optical lens assembly may further include an optical element, such as a Pancharatnam-Berry phase (PBP) lens, also known as a geometric phase lens (GPL). In some examples, the switchable optical element may be a switchable have wave plate, which may be configured, via application of optical power by the controller, so that the optical lens assembly may accept varying illumination ellipticity profiles as angle of incidence (AOI) increases.

Abstract: A device is provided. The device includes a first birefringent film including a calamitic liquid crystal (“LC”) material configured with a first helical structure. The device also includes a second birefringent film stacked with the first birefringent film and including a discotic LC material configured with a second helical structure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for through-display imaging. An optical imaging sensor is positioned at least partially behind a display and is configured to emit visible wavelength light at least partially through the display to illuminate an object, such as a fingerprint or a retina, in contact with or proximate to an outer surface of the display. Surface reflections from the object traverse the display stack and are received and an image of the object can be assembled.

Abstract: An optical system is described. The optical system may include a sensor which may be in a mobile device. The optical system may use the same light source for imaging the display and for providing light to a sensor or sensor device. The optical system may be configured so that randomly polarized light will exit the device for viewing so that a user may view the display in any rotated orientation while wearing polarized eyewear. The optical system may further be configured to mitigate reflections in the mobile device from ambient light entering the system and from reflected and backscattered light from cross-contaminating the imaging light of the display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display may have main column spacers and subspacer column spacers. The column spacers may have cross shapes formed from overlapping perpendicular rectangular column spacer portions respectively located on a color filter layer and a thin-film transistor layer. The column spacers may have a hybrid configuration in which some of the rectangular portions on the thin-film transistor layer extend vertically and some extend horizontally. Column spacers may be formed from planarization layer material, may be formed from locally thickened portions of a planarization layer, and may have circular shapes.

Abstract: A display may have display layers that form an array of pixels. The display layers may include a first layer that includes a light-blocking matrix and a second layer that overlaps the first layer. The first layer may include quantum dot elements formed in openings in the light-blocking matrix. The light-blocking matrix may be formed from a reflective material such as metal. The second layer may include color filter elements that overlap corresponding quantum dot elements in the first layer. Substrate layers may be used to support the first and second layers and to support thin-film transistor circuitry that is used in controlling light transmission through the array of pixels. The display layers may include a liquid crystal layer, polarizer layers, filter layers for reflecting red and green light and/or other light to enhance light recycling, and layers with angularly dependent transmission characteristics.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display. Input-output circuitry in the electronic device may be used to gather input from a viewer of the display. The input-output circuitry may include a gaze tracking system that gathers point-of-gaze information, vergence information, and head position information, may be a biometric sensor, may be an input device such as a button or touch sensor, may capture hand gestures, and/or may gather other information. The display may include a pixel array for producing images. An adjustable reflectance and transmittance layer may overlap the pixel array. Control circuitry in the electronic device may individually adjust different areas of the adjustable reflectance and transmittance layer. The control circuitry may place each area in a reflective mirror more or in a content-displaying mode and may move the areas in response to the information.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a housing and a display in the housing. The display may have one or more curved edges such as curved edges associated with rounded corners in the display and housing. The display may have an array of pixels. The display may include full-strength pixels and may have a band of antialiasing pixels having selectively reduced strengths to visually smooth content displayed along the curved edges. The antialiasing pixels may include single-opening pixels that each have a single opaque masking layer opening and may include dual-opening pixels that each include a pair of opaque masking layer openings. The single-opening pixels may be stronger than the dual-opening pixels.

Abstract: A display may include an optical film to promote sunglass-friendly viewing of the display. Displays may include linear polarizers. For example, a liquid crystal display may have a linear polarizer above a liquid crystal layer, whereas an organic light-emitting diode display may have a linear polarizer that forms a portion of a circular polarizer to reduce reflections in the display. Displays that emit linearly polarized light may not be compatible with polarized sunglasses. To ensure an optimal user experience for users wearing sunglasses, displays may include sunglass-friendly optical films. A sunglass-friendly optical film may be a film formed from a birefringent material such as a polymer or liquid crystal. The sunglass-friendly optical film may have an optical axis that is at a 45° angle relative to the optical axis of the underlying linear polarizer. The sunglass-friendly optical film may be patterned to have reduced thickness regions.

Abstract: A display may have display layers that form an array of pixels. The display layers may include a first layer that includes a light-blocking matrix and a second layer that overlaps the first layer. The first layer may include quantum dot elements formed in openings in the light-blocking matrix. The light-blocking matrix may be formed from a reflective material such as metal. The second layer may include color filter elements that overlap corresponding quantum dot elements in the first layer. Substrate layers may be used to support the first and second layers and to support thin-film transistor circuitry that is used in controlling light transmission through the array of pixels. The display layers may include a liquid crystal layer, polarizer layers, filter layers for reflecting red and green light and/or other light to enhance light recycling, and layers with angularly dependent transmission characteristics.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a housing and a display in the housing. The display may have one or more curved edges such as curved edges associated with rounded corners in the display and housing. The display may have an array of pixels. The display may include full-strength pixels and may have a band of antialiasing pixels having selectively reduced strengths to visually smooth content displayed along the curved edges. The antialiasing pixels may include single-opening pixels that each have a single opaque masking layer opening and may include dual-opening pixels that each include a pair of opaque masking layer openings. The single-opening pixels may be stronger than the dual-opening pixels.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display. Input-output circuitry in the electronic device may be used to gather input from a viewer of the display. The input-output circuitry may include a gaze tracking system that gathers point-of-gaze information, vergence information, and head position information, may be a biometric sensor, may be an input device such as a button or touch sensor, may capture hand gestures, and/or may gather other information. The display may include a pixel array for producing images. An adjustable reflectance and transmittance layer may overlap the pixel array. Control circuitry in the electronic device may individually adjust different areas of the adjustable reflectance and transmittance layer. The control circuitry may place each area in a reflective mirror more or in a content-displaying mode and may move the areas in response to the information.

Abstract: A display may include an optical film to promote sunglass-friendly viewing of the display. Displays may include linear polarizers. For example, a liquid crystal display may have a linear polarizer above a liquid crystal layer, whereas an organic light-emitting diode display may have a linear polarizer that forms a portion of a circular polarizer to reduce reflections in the display. Displays that emit linearly polarized light may not be compatible with polarized sunglasses. To ensure an optimal user experience for users wearing sunglasses, displays may include sunglass-friendly optical films. A sunglass-friendly optical film may be a film formed from a birefringent material such as a polymer or liquid crystal. The sunglass-friendly optical film may have an optical axis that is at a 45° angle relative to the optical axis of the underlying linear polarizer. The sunglass-friendly optical film may be patterned to have reduced thickness regions.

Abstract: A layer of liquid crystal material may be interposed between display layers. The display layers may include thin-film transistor circuitry having subpixel electrodes for applying electric fields to subpixel portions of the layer of liquid crystal material. Subpixels of different colors may have different shapes and may have different liquid crystal layer thicknesses. These subpixel differences may be configured to slow the switching speed of subpixels of a certain color relative to other subpixels to reduce color motion blur when an object is moved across a black or colored background. The subpixels may have chevron shapes. Subpixels of a first color may have chevron shapes that are less bent than subpixels of second and third colors. In configurations with varying liquid crystal layer thicknesses, the subpixels of the first color may have thicker liquid crystal layers than the subpixels of the second and third colors.