Abstract: Various solutions for enhancing quality of service (QoS) based on environmental conservation in mobile communications are described. An apparatus may determine whether an eco-friendly condition associated with a data session is met. Also, the apparatus may determine to modify a QoS associated with the data session in an event that the eco-friendly condition associated with the data session is met.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The method may be performed by a mobile device. In certain configurations, the mobile device registers a first network access of a first public land mobile network (PLMN). After registering to the first network access, the mobile device determines, based on first information, whether a second network access of a PLMN or a Standalone Non-Public Network (SNPN) is allowed for the UE to register thereto. In response to determining the second network access is allowed, the mobile device selects the second network access based on the first information, and registers to the second network access. The second network access may be a network access of the first PLMN, or may be a network access of a second different PLMN or the SNPN.

Abstract: Various solutions for enhanced user equipment (UE) route selection policy (URSP) with green incentives for environmental conservation are described. An apparatus may receive information of an application associated with one or more eco-friendly requirements. Then, the apparatus may select a URSP rule from a list of URSP rules, and the selected URSP rule includes one or more descriptors matching the one or more eco-friendly requirements. Also, the apparatus may determine a data session for routing traffic of the application between the apparatus and a wireless network based on one or more parameters included in a route selection descriptor (RSD) of the selected URSP rule.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The method may be performed by a mobile device. In certain configurations, the mobile device provides device capability information indicating that the mobile device supports a dual access service. The mobile device transmits a registration request message for registering to a first network access of a first public land mobile network (PLMN). The registration request message includes the device capability information. The mobile device receives a registration response message. The mobile device determines whether the registration response message includes network capability information indicating that the first network access supports the dual access service. In response to determining that the first network access supports the dual access service, the mobile device registers to a second network access.

Abstract: A method of handling authentication reject upon accessing an SNPN using credentials from a credential holder is proposed. A UE is configured with a “list of subscriber data”. The UE selects an SNPN using the configured list of subscriber data, e.g., based on the SNPN selection parameters contained in a selected entry of the list of subscriber data. Based on the selected entry, the UE selects an SNPN, and then tries to access the selected SNPN using credentials supplied by a subscribed SNPN. When UE receives an authentication reject message from the network, UE considers that the selected entry of the list of subscriber data is invalid. However, other entries related to the current selected SNPN are still valid. UE is still able to access the current selected SNPN, using credentials supplied in another entry of the list of subscriber data.

Abstract: A method supporting enhanced network identity (NID) provisioning under User Equipment (UE) mobility scenarios between different types of networks is proposed. When a UE registers to an SNPN, the UE is assigned with a 5G-GUTI by the SNPN. The SNPN is identified by an SNPN ID==PLMN ID+NID. When the UE moves from the SNPN to another target network having a target AMF, the UE triggers a mobility registration update procedure and provides the 5G-GUTI along with NID information in a Registration Request to the target AMF. The target AMF can use the NID information along with the 5G-GUTI to find a source AMF for deriving UE context for the subsequent operations during the mobility registration update procedure. Providing NID information along with 5G-GUTI can assist the target AMF to find the source AMF efficiently, preventing a potential registration procedure failure.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. In certain configurations, the UE maintains a closed access group (CAG) information list including an entry. The entry includes an allowed CAG list associated with a current PLMN. The allowed CAG list includes one or more CAG IDs. A first CAG ID is configured with a first time validity information including a first time period. The UE accesses the current PLMN via a current CAG cell supporting the first CAG ID when the first CAG ID is determined as authorized during the first time period. After the first time period, the UE determines that no CAG ID supported by the current CAG cell is currently authorized. The UE determines whether the UE may perform actions such as search for a suitable cell and/or applying a PLMN selection process.

Abstract: Various solutions for enhancements on automatic stand-alone non-public network (SNPN) selection for supporting localized services are described. An apparatus may determine whether it supports accessing an SNPN providing access for localized services and a user enables to access localized services. Responsive to determining that it supports accessing an SNPN providing access for localized services and the user enables to access localized services, the apparatus may select an available SNPN with validity information in an event that both the apparatus and the selected available SNPN support access using credentials from a credentials holder (CH) and the validity information is met, and then attempt a registration on the selected SNPN.

Abstract: A method of enhanced handling of a Forbidden SNPN list by a UE is proposed. When the UE registers to a first SNPN using credentials supplied by a second SNPN and receives a rejection from the network, the UE adds an entry of the first SNPN into one of the forbidden SNPN lists, and also creates an association between the first SNPN and the second SNPN. As a result, the UE is refrained from registering to the first SNPN using the credentials supplied by the second SNPN as long as the first SNPN entry remains in the forbidden SNPN list. However, the UE is allowed to register to the first SNPN using credentials supplied by other SNPNs.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses. The method can include receiving, at a user equipment (UE), system information broadcast from one or more base stations which may be shared by one or more PLMNs and/or one or more SNPNs, the system information including an indication of whether accessing an SNPN using home service provider (HSP) subscription of a HSP network is supported. The UE can be configured with subscription information of the HSP network. The subscription information can include the HSP subscription and a selection list that includes one or more candidate networks each represented by an SNPN identifier. The method can further include responsive to the system information, selecting a network from the selection list according to a priority order of the candidate networks, and accessing the network selected from the selection list using the HSP subscription.

Abstract: Various solutions for enhanced closed access group (CAG) selection in manual network selection mode are described. An apparatus may determine that the apparatus supports CAG and operates in a manual network selection mode. The apparatus may detect a CAG cell associated with a CAG identifier (ID) in an allowed CAG list. The apparatus may indicate to a user whether the CAG ID is authorized based on time validity information associated with the CAG ID in the allowed CAG list.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for mobile identity selection for SNPN initial registration. In one novel aspect, the UE selects a GUTI as a registration GUTI for registration with a current SNPN based on one or more selection rules. The UE indicates the selected registration GUTI in a 5GS mobile identity information element (IE) and includes the NID of the corresponding prior SNPN in an NID IE. The selection rules include prioritizing a GUTI previously assigned by an equivalent SNPN or any other SNPN with a globally-unique SNPN ID over a GUTI previously assigned by an equivalent SNPN or any other SNPN with a non-global-unique SNPN ID; and prioritizing a GUTI previously assigned by an equivalent SNPN over a GUTI previously assigned by any other SNPN when the equivalent SNPN and the any other SNPN are both identified by a globally-unique SNPN identity.

Abstract: A method for UE route selection policy (URSP) rule matching enhancement for MA PDU session with 4G PDN leg is proposed. When an application is executed, the upper layer of a UE sends the application information to URSP entity for matching a URSP rule. The UE selects and evaluates a route selection descriptor (RSD) from a list of RSDs of a selected URSP rule to be matched with a PDU session. In one example, the PDU session is an MA PDU session with a 3GPP EPS/PDN leg (PDN connection established as user plane resources of the MA PDU session). The UE finds the traffic descriptor in a selected URSP rule matching the application and an existing MA PDU session/PDN connection matching an RSD of the selected URSP rule, when the UE-requested PDN parameters of the PDN connection matches with the RSD of the selected URSP rule.

Abstract: A method of reducing gray energy consumption and achieving optimal gray energy saving for carbon neutralization is proposed. In a cellular network, each cell or BS (group of cells) has renewable (green) and non-renewable (gray, on-grid power) energy sources. The renewable (green) energy is highly variable and unpredictable, while non-renewable (gray, on-grid power) is stable but is not renewable and thus has more carbon impact. Each cell or BS (group of cells) services is associated UEs when it is on. In one novel aspect, a cell or BS (group of cells) that consumes more non-renewable energy can give some or all of its served UEs to another cell or BS (group of cells) that consumes less non-renewable energy.

Abstract: A method of UE autonomously updating a CAG related configuration upon receiving a downlink NAS message is provided. If a CAG-ID is included in an allowed CAG-IDs list of the CAG related configuration and is supported by a CAG cell in a PLMN, then UE may attempt to access the CAG cell in the PLMN. If the access is denied, e.g., UE receives a DL NAS message with a cause value, then UE needs to update the CAG related configuration. If the CAG-ID is not associated with any validity or restriction information, then the CAG-ID should be deleted from the CAG related configuration. If the CAG-ID is associated with validity or restriction information and corresponding validity or restriction criteria are not met, then the CAG-ID should not be deleted from the CAG related configuration.

Abstract: A method of subscription selection for manual SNPN hosting network selection is proposed. When a UE supports accessing NPN, the UE has a 1st SNPN/PLMN subscription for accessing a selected SNPN as hosting network for localized services. If the selected SNPN is associated with validity information and validity criteria are met, the UE can register to the selected SNPN using the 1st subscription. If the UE has multiple subscriptions that can be used to access to the selected SNPN, then the UE can register to the selected SNPN using any of the subscriptions. The UE may determine which subscription to use based on whether the validity information associated with the selected SNPN that is included in the corresponding subscription, e.g., whether the selected SNPN is associated with validity information, and how long is the remaining (time) duration of the validity information.

Abstract: A method of enhanced manual network selection procedure for access localized services in PNI-NPN is proposed. For manual CAG/PNI-NPN selection as hosting network, if a CAG cell in a PLMN broadcasting a CAG-ID is available and included in the (Allowed) CAG-ID list of the UE-stored CAG related configuration of the PLMN, the user may manually select the CAG cell as a suitable cell. However, the CAG-ID that is associated with validity information, and the corresponding validity criteria may or may not be satisfied, e.g., due to the UE-stored CAG related configuration is different from the NW-maintained CAG related configuration. Therefore, the UE does not know whether the CAG cell is suitable. In response, the UE triggers a registration procedure for mobility and periodic registration update, and obtains the updated CAG related configuration.

Abstract: A method of enhanced manual network selection mode for access localized services in NPN is proposed. If an SNPN is available and included in the UE-stored configuration for SNPN selection, the UE presents to the user whether the SNPN is associated with validity information and whether the corresponding validity criteria are met. If a CAG cell in a PLMN broadcasting a CAG-ID is available and included in the (Allowed) CAG list of the UE-stored CAG related configuration of the PLMN, the UE presents to the user whether the CAG-ID is associated with validity information and whether the corresponding validity criteria are met, e.g., whether the CAG-ID is authorized based on the (Allowed) CAG list.

Abstract: A method of a UE determining whether a current camped CAG cell is suitable and thereby entering limited service state for PNI-NPN as a hosting network is provided. When the PNI-NPN is a hosting network providing localized services, one or more allowed CAG IDs are associated with validity information per UE stored configuration, e.g., time and/or location validity criteria. Once a CAG cell is selected and camped by the UE in a PLMN, the UE needs to consider whether the current CAG cell is suitable for obtaining normal service from the PLMN. If the hosting network functionality is not enabled (by user), or if the time and/or location validity criteria associated with CAG-IDs broadcasted by the current CAG cell are not met, then the current CAG cell is not suitable. As a result, the UE enters limited service state, and triggers cell reselection or PLMN selection procedure.

Abstract: A method of handling updated CAG related configuration is proposed. UE receives an updated CAG related configuration in a DL NAS message via a CAG cell, which broadcasts a list of supported CAG-IDs of the current network. UE may also receive an updated CAG related configuration in a DL NAS message via a non-CAG cell of the current network. The UE examines the list of allowed CAG-IDs in the updated CAG related configuration, determines whether they are supported by the CAG cell, whether they are associated with validity information, whether the validity criteria are met, whether the UE is ONLY allowed to access 5GS via CAG cells, and whether the UE has any emergency PDU session. Depending on the determination, the UE then either enters LIMITED-SERVICE and search for suitable cell in the current network, or enters PLMN-SEARCH state and applies PLMN selection process.