Abstract: A multi-user collaborative circular graphical user interface for displaying items includes a transformation engine responsive to external command, such as mouse clicks, for generating polar coordinates for the items, an asynchronous rendering engine for generating images of the items according to the polar coordinates, and a thread switching engine for controlling the rendering engine.

Abstract: A method selects multiple paths between a server and a client in an overlay network where nodes are connected by links. The nodes include the server and the client. Each path includes a set of selected links. First, in each node, Quality of service metrics are measured of each link directly connecting the node to an immediate neighboring node. The metrics are transmitted to the server. In the server, a link correlation matrix based on the metrics and a path correlation matrix based on the link correlation matrix are determined. Then, the multiple paths are selected based only on the metrics, the link correlation matrix, and the path correlation matrix.

Abstract: A media access control protocol for a network including sensor nodes connected to each by a single shared wireless communications channel executes the following protocol in each node so that network access is managed in a distributed manner. The node monitors the channel for a period of time equal to at least a length of a frame. A frame length is predetermined and depends on network conditions. The frame is partitioned into time slots. A particular time slot is marked as occupied if the channel has a carrier signal during the time slot and otherwise the time slot is marked as available. The node only transmits a packet during available time slots. The frame structure is updated on a periodic basis if a configuration of the network changes over time.

Abstract: The invention provides a system and method for recognizing different hand gestures made by touching a touch sensitive surface. The gestures can be made by one finger, two fingers, more than two fingers, one hand and two hands. Multiple users can simultaneously make different gestures. The gestures are used to control computer operations. The system measures an intensity of a signal at each of an mxn array of touch sensitive pads in the touch sensitive surface. From these signal intensities, a number of regions of contiguous pads touched simultaneously by a user is determined. An area of each region is also determined. A particular gesture is selected according to the number of regions and the area of each region.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for interacting with content objects stored in computer devices connected as nodes of a communications network, each node including an input interface and an output interface, the output interface including a display area. A first display area of a first node is partitioned into a first private work area and a first personal work area associated with the first node. A second display area of a second node is partitioned into a set of second personal work areas and a public work area, each second personal work area associated with other nodes and the public work area associated with all of the nodes.

Abstract: A method for transcoding a video. First, a video is encoded into a base layer and one or multiple enhancement layers. Next, the last enhancement layer is partially decoded if an available bit-rate will truncate the last enhancement layer to be transmitted. A number of bits in the partially decoded last transmitted enhancement layer is reduced to match the available bit-rate, and the reduced bit-rate enhancement layer is then reencoded before transmission.

Abstract: A method transports a video over a network that includes multiple paths. First, a video is encoded into a base layer, one or more low bit-rate enhancement layers, and one or more high bit-rate enhancement layers using fine-granularity scalability. The base layer and the low bit-rate layers are duplicated into a multiple base layers and multiple low bit-rate enhancement layers, respectively. The high bit-rate layers are partitioned into multiple partial low-bit rate layers, and then each layer is transmitted over a different path of the network to a receiver.

Abstract: A system and method provides visualization and layout schemes for a circular graphical user interface using global and local polar coordinate systems to display images. The system gives a user of the interface the full capability to relocate, re-orient, scale and layout images in the circular interface. Further, methods are provided to layout images in the Cartesian coordinate system, minimizing overlapping and crowding of images, and supporting users' focus in a group setting for group collaboration around the interface.

Abstract: A method allocates resources of a wireless communications network to traffic transmitted to user equipment over a channel of the network. A packet of the traffic to be stored in a selected queue is received. A maximum delay of the selected queue is determined, along with a start time, a finish time, and a queuing order. The packet is inserted in the selected queue according to the start time, the finish time and the queuing order, and then a weight of the selected queue is updated. Then, a next packet to be dequeued from the selected queue is scheduled, and the next packet is transmitted to the user equipment over the channel.

Abstract: A multi-user collaborative graphical user interface has a display area with a horizontal orientation, the display surface is positioned between the multiple users. The display area also has a centroid and a circumference. The display area is partitioned into work areas so that there is one working area for each user of the multiple users. An item is displayed in a particular working area using a global polar coordinate system centered on the centroid.

Abstract: A computer network guarantees timeliness to distributed real-time applications by allowing an application to specify its timeliness requirements and by ensuring that a data source can meet the specified requirements. A reflective memory area is established by either a data source of an application. A data source maps onto this reflective memory area and writes data into it. In order to receive data from this data source, an application requests attachment to the reflective memory area to which the data source is mapped and specifies timeliness requirements. The application may specify that it needs data either periodically or upon occurrence of some condition. The application allocates buffers at its local node to receive data. The data source then establishes a data push agent thread at its local node, and a virtual channel over the computer network between the data push agent thread and the application attached to its reflective memory area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a treadmill whose speed is controlled by music. An audiosource is installed on the console of the treadmill. The music outputted by the audiosource passes through an amplifier and a band-pass filter takes out the frequency wave at certain range from the music, thereby avoiding unnecessary interference. Besides, a microprocessor is used to enable the driving motor of the walking belt to continuously change its speed according to the music rhythm and intensity. Moreover, the operator of the treadmill adjusts his walking speed to the music rhythm so that the speeds of the music, the motor and the operator are integrated into one speed, thereby enhancing the exercising fun without feeling tired. Furthermore, the operator can move in accordance with the music rhythm, thereby reaching the body shaping effect.

Abstract: A method traces rays through graphical data. The method partitions the graphical data into a plurality of blocks according to a scheduling grid. For each block, a ray queue is generated. Each entry in the ray queue representing a ray to be traced through the block. The ray queues are ordered spatially and temporally using a dependency graph. The rays are traced through the blocks according to the ordered list.

Abstract: A system enables multiple users to interact with a picture presentation. The system includes a display surface having a horizontal orientation, preferably circular. A processor is configured to composite an image. The composite image includes a picture display area, an orientation area, and a plurality of control panels. There is one control panel for each of the users. A database, coupled to the processor, stores annotated pictures. Selected annotated pictures are to be composited into the picture display area of the displayed image. The pictures are selected using the control panel. A display device, coupled to the processor, displays the composite image on the display surface, and an input device is used to interact with the control panels, the orientation area, and the annotated pictures to enable the users to concurrently control the compositing of the sequence of images.

Abstract: The invention relates to a zoom lens including four lens groups. Starting from the side near objects, the first lens group is a positive refractive power lens group, the second a negative refractive power lens group, the third a positive refractive power lens group, and the fourth a positive refractive power lens group. When the zoom lens varies from the short focal length (wide angle) to the long focal length (telephone lens), the first lens group is fixed, the second lens group is moved from the object plane (closest to the object on the lens) to the image plane, the third and the fourth lens groups are independently moved from the image plane to the object plane to compensate for the image plane shift of the second lens group. Therefore, a clear image can be formed on the image plane even when the zoom lens focuses on objects at different distances. Each of the third and the fourth lens groups contains at least on aspherical lens.

Abstract: In a multi-tasking system a writer task generates real-time and non real-time messages having multiple priority levels in an ascending order arranged in a plurality of priority bands. The real-time messages have predetermined timing deadlines. A plurality of queues indexing the messages by pointers, there is one queue for each priority band. A dispatcher moves pointers from a lower priority queue to a higher priority queue in response to a time-out signal dependent on the timing deadline. A data push agent transmits the messages indexed by the pointers according to the multiple priority levels.

Abstract: A multi-user collaborative circular graphical user interface for displaying items includes a transformation engine responsive to external command, such as mouse clicks, for generating polar coordinates for the items, an asynchronous rendering engine for generating images of the items according to the polar coordinates, and a thread switching engine for controlling the rendering engine.

Abstract: A programmable visualization apparatus processes graphical data. The apparatus includes a central processing unit for executing a visualization application and a scheduler. A third level of memory is connected to the central processing unit. The third level of memory stores the graphical data. The graphical data is partitioned into a plurality of blocks. A second level of memory is connected to the central processing unit by a system bus. The second level of memory stores a sub-set of the plurality of blocks. A first level of memory is connected to the second level of memory by a memory bus. The scheduler stores an ordered list of blocks in the first level memory. A processor element is connected to the first level of memory by a processor bus. A dispatcher is connected to the first, the second, and the third memories and the processor element. The dispatcher transfers blocks from the third, to the second, and from the second to the third level memories according to the order of the list of blocks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pen type step calculating device that uses vertical vectors with assistance of horizontal vectors of a sensing microswitch. The detection of the sensing microswitch achieves a sampling effect. The successive digital signals of the OFF/ON status are in turn accumulated by the calculator, and are then indicated on the LCD display board through an I/O circuit, thereby completely excluding possibility of calculating the values erroneously, and thereby efficiently enhancing the utility of the pen type step calculating device.

Abstract: A system and method provides visualization and layout schemes for a circular graphical user interface using global and local polar coordinate systems to display images. The system gives a user of the interface the full capability to relocate, re-orient, scale and layout images in the circular interface. Further, methods are provided to layout images in the Cartesian coordinate system, minimizing overlapping and crowding of images, and supporting users' focus in a group setting for group collaboration around the interface.