Abstract: A lighting apparatus comprises a controller and three lights sources each with a different color temperature. The controller turns on the second light source and the third light source alternately at a strobing frequency between 30 Hz and 65 Hz, resulting in a strobing light (out of the second light source and the third light source) with a combined color temperature approximating the color temperature of the first light source. Alternatively, the lighting apparatus includes a controller and two light sources. The first light source and the second light source operate at different frequencies, resulting in a superimposed light with an operating frequency equal to the difference of these two frequencies. Alternatively, the lighting apparatus turns off one of the two light sources periodically for a short period of time to induce the brain of a subject to better recognize the frequency of the superimposed light.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes an elongated housing, LED arrays, a rechargeable battery, a controller circuit, two drivers, a charging circuit, and a battery backup user interface. The first driver converts an external power to drive the LED array whereas the second driver draws power from the rechargeable battery to drive the LED arrays during power outage. The charging circuit charges the rechargeable battery during normal operation. The battery backup user interface includes a battery charging indicator indicating the charging status of the rechargeable battery. The battery backup user interface also includes a battery shutoff switch configured to allow a user to enable or disable the rechargeable battery. In some cases, the battery backup user interface further includes a test button configured to allow the user to trigger a test of the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material, a photocatalyst layer, and a primer. The photocatalyst layer comprises a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is anatase titanium dioxide and the secondary photocatalyst comprises a metallic photocatalyst. The secondary photocatalyst absorbs a visible light energy, transfers the energy to the primary photocatalyst, thus activating the primary photocatalyst as the primary disinfecting agent. The substrate material binds the photocatalyst layer by either connecting the primary photocatalyst and/or the secondary photocatalyst through two oxygen atoms of a carboxyl group (COO) comprising the primer, or by forming hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl group and a surface hydroxyl group (OH—) of the primary photocatalyst. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is activatable by a visible light and can self-disinfect against bacteria and viruses.

Abstract: A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is a metal oxide photocatalyst, whereas the secondary photocatalyst is a metallic photocatalyst. The substrate material binds the photocatalyst layer by either connecting a metal ion of the primary photocatalyst and/or the secondary photocatalyst through two oxygen atoms of a carboxyl group (COO), or by forming hydrogen bonds between a carbonyl group and a surface hydroxyl group (OH?) of the primary photocatalyst. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is activatable by a visible light and can self-disinfect against bacteria and viruses.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a first visible light source, a near-infrared (near-IR) radiation source, and a controller. The first visible light source emits a light with a color temperature between 1900K to 6800K, and the near-IR radiation source emitting a wavelength in the 700 nm to 1400 nm wavelength range, and in some cases, with at least 300 nm continuous spectral range of emission between 700 nm to 1400 nm. The radiation energy emitted by the lighting apparatus in the 700 nm to 1400 nm wavelength range is less than the radiation energy emitted by the lighting apparatus in the 380 nm to 700 nm wavelength range. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to strobe the first visible light source with a strobing frequency between 35 Hz and 45 Hz via either an amplitude modulation strobing or a color temperature fusion strobing.

Abstract: An elongated germicidal lighting device includes an elongated housing, a first light source, a second light source, a third light source, a first driver, a second driver, a third driver, and a controller. The first light source shines a visible light above the housing whereas the second light source shines visible light below the housing. The third light source is an ultraviolet-C (UVC) light source emitting germicidal irradiation to disinfection ambient air and a surface in line of sight. The controller is configured to turn on the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source individually or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a light source and a controller. The controller turns on the light source with a strobing frequency between 35 Hz and 45 Hz. Moreover, the controller regulates the light output of the light source with a modulation depth percentage less than 50%. The modulation depth may be adjustable so that each user can maximize the modulation depth according to personal visual tolerance, thus achieving the best Alzheimer treatment for the individual. Another lighting apparatus includes a first light source, a second light source, and a controller. The controller turns on the first light source without strobing and the second light source with a strobing frequency between 35 Hz and 45 Hz. The controller regulates the light output of the second light source with a modulation depth less than the light output of the first light source.

Abstract: A therapeutic lighting apparatus includes two white light sources each with a different color temperature and a controller. The controller operates the lighting apparatus in either a color temperature fusion mode or a color temperature flickering mode or both simultaneously such that the color temperature flickering mode can be used for treating a patient with Alzheimer's disease. The lighting apparatus can be enhanced with a green light source for supporting a green light mode for treating migraine headache. Similarly, the lighting apparatus can be enhanced with a red light source for supporting a red light mode for tissue repairing. Alternatively, the lighting apparatus can be enhanced with a near-infrared (IR) radiation source for supporting a near-IR mode for lowering the heartbeat, uplifting the mood, and improving the immunization system of a subject.

Abstract: A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is a metal oxide photocatalyst, whereas the secondary photocatalyst is a metallic photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst forms a covalent bond with the substrate material. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is photocatalytic active to different bands of wavelength. Another self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material, a prime material layer and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The prime material layer is between the substrate and the photocatalyst layer. The primary photocatalyst forms a covalent bond with the prime material.

Abstract: A germicidal lighting device includes an ultraviolet (UV) light source, a planar waveguide with a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and at least one edge surface perpendicular to the two parallel surfaces, and an optical filter. The UV light source is positioned adjacent to the edge surface of the planar waveguide to shine its UV light into the planar waveguide through the edge surface, and the UV light travels in the planar waveguide via total internal reflection. The first surface of the planer waveguide has a mechanism to reflect the UV light at an exit angle to exit the planar waveguide through the second surface. The optical filter filters a portion of the UV. Moreover, the light emitting area of the second surface of the planar waveguide is bigger than the light emitting surface area of the UV light source.

Abstract: A spectral power distribution (SPD) fusion lighting apparatus includes a first visible light source with a first SPD, a second visible light source with a second SPD, a driver circuit, and a controller. The first SPD is different than the second SPD markedly in a 50 nm wavelength range. The controller toggles the turning on of the first visible light and the second visible light at a frequency greater than 25 Hz. The first visible light source is turned on during one half of the duty cycle, whereas the second visible light source is turned on during the other half of the duty cycle. The first visible light source and the second visible light emit similar light outputs and have similar chromaticity coordinates on the CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram. In some embodiments a sound wave generator is used to generate a sound wave at the same frequency.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes an elongated housing, LED arrays, a rechargeable battery, a controller circuit, two drivers, a charging circuit, and a battery backup user interface. The first driver converts an external power to drive the LED array whereas the second driver draws power from the rechargeable battery to drive the LED arrays during power outage. The charging circuit charges the rechargeable battery during normal operation. The battery backup user interface includes a battery charging indicator indicating the charging status of the rechargeable battery. The battery backup user interface also includes a battery shutoff switch configured to allow a user to enable or disable the rechargeable battery. In some cases, the battery backup user interface further includes a test button configured to allow the user to trigger a test of the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A lighting device that comprises a housing, a first visible light source, a second visible light source, an air filter, an airway, and an air circulation mechanism for each airway. The first visible light source contributes to the light output of the device, whereas the second visible light source is responsible for germicidal irradiation by activating a visible-light activatable photocatalytic coating on the air filter. The airway has an air inlet and an air outlet. The air circulation mechanism sucks an ambient air through the air inlet, forces the air through the air filter, and releases the air through the air outlet. The air filter traps airborne particles. The second visible light source is disposed adjacent to the air filter and activates a photocatalyst material in the antiviral photocatalytic coating. Airborne microbials trapped by the air filter are decomposed by the activated photocatalyst material in the antiviral photocatalytic coating.

Abstract: A multi-band multi-source germicidal lighting apparatus includes a first light source, a second light source, a first driver, a second driver, and a controller. The first light source emits a light in a 190˜280 nm wavelength range whereas the second light source emits a light in a 315˜420 nm wavelength range. The first driver is configured to convert an external power to an internal power to activate the first light source, and the second driver is configured to convert an external power to an internal power to activate the second light source, and the controller is configured to toggle the operation of the apparatus between a safe sanitation mode and a full sanitation mode. Optionally, a third light source emitting a visible light and a third driver are used for providing general lighting during the safe sanitation mode.

Abstract: A germicidal light dosage dispending system includes at least one light source, one driver for each at least one light source, and a germicidal light dosage dispensing mechanism. The at least one light source is a germicidal light source emitting a light with a spectral power distribution (SPD) >90% in the wavelength range 190˜420 nm. The driver converts an external power to an internal power for activating the at least one light source and is controllable by the germicidal light dosage dispensing mechanism. The germicidal light dosage dispensing mechanism limits the total dispensed dosage emitted by the at least one light source over an 8-hour period to be less than the ACGIH defined UV Threshold Limit Value (TLV) dosage. The germicidal light dosage dispensing mechanism also controls the total dispensed dosage.

Abstract: A self-adjustable germicidal irradiation apparatus includes a radiant source, a driver, and a controller. The driver converts an external power to an internal power to activate the radiant source. The connects to the driver and is configured to adjust a radiant power emitted by the radiant source. The radiation source is configured to generate a wavelength in an ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range 190˜400 nm. The controller is configured automatically to limit a UV dosage received by an object exposed to the UV radiation of the radiant source, such that the received UV dosage of the object does not exceed a UV threshold limit value (TLV) dosage defined by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). A related self-adjustable germicidal irradiation method is also proposed.

Abstract: A multi-band germicidal irradiation apparatus includes a radiation source, a driver, and an optical filter. The radiation source emits wavelengths in three wavelength bands, 190˜230 nm, 230˜315 nm, and 315˜700 nm. The optical filter is a band-stop filter that filters the wavelength in a wavelength range of 240˜315 nm and permits the wavelength in wavelength ranges of 190˜230 nm and 315˜700 nm to pass through. The radiation source may include an excimer lamp having a gas or mixture of gases, or it may include one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs). When the apparatus further includes a controller, the controller is configured to limit a total dispensed ultraviolet (UV) dosage (TDD) emitted by the apparatus over a predefined period not exceeding an UV threshold limit value (TLV) dosage defined by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

Abstract: A germicidal lighting apparatus with visible glare includes a first light source, a second light source, a first driver, a second driver, and a controller. The first light source emits a light in a 180˜280 nm wavelength range and the second light source emits a light in a visible wavelength range greater than 400 nm. The second light source is positioned adjacent to the first light source and serves as a visible glare source to deter an occupant from looking at the apparatus directly. The controller can turn on both the first light source and the second light source simultaneously to produce a unified glare rating (UGR) greater than 16. The apparatus dispenses over a prorated 8-hour period an irradiation dosage greater than American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)-specified Eye Threshold Limit Values (TLV) but less than ACGIH-specified Skin TLV to a substance or surface.

Abstract: A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is a metal oxide photocatalyst, whereas the secondary photocatalyst is a metallic photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst forms a covalent bond with the substrate material. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is activatable by a visible light and can self-disinfect against bacteria and viruses. A method of manufacturing the self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet and means for alerting the user on the expiration of the self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet are also presented.

Abstract: A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is a metal oxide photocatalyst, whereas the secondary photocatalyst is a metallic photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst forms a covalent bond with the substrate material. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is photocatalytic active to different bands of wavelength. Another self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material, a prime material layer and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The prime material layer is between the substrate and the photocatalyst layer. The primary photocatalyst forms a covalent bond with the prime material.