Abstract: A substrate assembly is provided, including a first substrate, an active element layer, a plurality of first electrodes, a circuit substrate, and a plurality of second electrodes. The active element layer is disposed on the first substrate. The plurality of first electrodes are disposed on the first substrate and arranged along a first direction. The circuit substrate is partially overlapping the first substrate in a vertical projection direction. The plurality of second electrodes are disposed on the circuit substrate. A distance between the edge of one of the plurality of second electrodes and the edge of one of the plurality of first electrodes is greater than zero in the first direction, and a width of the one of the plurality of first electrodes is different from a width of the one of the plurality of second electrodes.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a reflective mask, an adhesion layer is formed over a mask blank. The mask blank includes a substrate, a reflective multilayer disposed over the substrate, a capping layer disposed over the reflective multilayer, an absorber layer disposed over the capping layer, and a hard mask layer disposed over the absorber layer. A photoresist pattern is formed over the adhesion layer, the adhesion layer is patterned, the hard mask layer is patterned, and the absorber layer is patterned using the patterned hard mask layer as an etching mask. The photoresist layer has a higher adhesiveness to the adhesion layer than to the hard mask layer.

Abstract: Photosensitive polymers and their use in photoresists for photolithographic processes are disclosed. The polymers are copolymers, with at least one monomer that includes pendant polycyclic aromatic groups and a second monomer that includes an acidic leaving group (ALG). The polymers have high resistance to etching and high development contrast.

Abstract: The present invention provides a housing having a housing shell with an opening, a guidance component and a door leaf set. The guidance component is arranged in the housing shell and extending along the direction away from the opening. The door leaf set has a first door leaf and a second door leaf. The first door leaf is pivotally connected the housing shell to enable the first door leaf to rotate to a first position or a second position relative to the opening. Wherein when the first door leaf is positioned at the first position, the first door leaf shields a portion of the opening; when the first door leaf is positioned at the second position, the first door leaf extends into the housing shell and defines the first installation space with the guiding component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a housing having a housing shell with an opening, a guidance component and a door leaf set. The guidance component is arranged in the housing shell and extending along the direction away from the opening. The door leaf set has a first door leaf and a second door leaf. The first door leaf is pivotally connected the housing shell to enable the first door leaf to rotate to a first position or a second position relative to the opening. Wherein when the first door leaf is positioned at the first position, the first door leaf shields a portion of the opening; when the first door leaf is positioned at the second position, the first door leaf extends into the housing shell and defines the first installation space with the guiding component.

Abstract: A method for monitoring resistance to a Bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal crystal protein is provided, which involves the measurement of protease activity or protease expression in the gut of adult insects.

Abstract: Methods and devices to compensate for image color variance due to display temperatures are provided. In one example, a display of an electronic device may include a first pixel section that has multiple pixels. The pixels may include a red subpixel, green subpixel, and blue subpixel that each has a respective aperture ratio. The display may also include a second pixel section that has multiple pixels. Again, the pixels may include a red subpixel, green subpixel, and blue subpixel that each has a respective aperture ratio. One or more of the subpixel aperture ratios of the first pixel section may be greater than a respective one or more of the subpixel aperture ratios of the second section to overcome image color variance that may exist due to temperature variations of the display.

Abstract: A memory controller includes a damaged-column manager, an error checking and correcting decoder (ECC decoder) and a damaged-column decision circuit. The damaged-column manager logs a damaged-column address information in the flash memory. The ECC decoder receives a read data read by the flash memory and generates an error information according to whether or not the read data has error. The damaged-column decision circuit receives the error-column address and counts the number of accumulated generated times corresponding to the error-column address. The damaged-column decision circuit updates the damaged-column address information according to an error information.

Abstract: A method for monitoring resistance to a Bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal crystal protein is provided, which involves the measurement of protease activity or protease expression in the gut of adult insects.

Abstract: A counting engine for a Bayesian sequential partition system in a D-dimensional data space is provided. The counting engine includes a filtering module and a counting module. The filtering module is used for comparing at least one under-test data point with D boundary information corresponding to a sub-region, and consequently generating D flag sets. The counting module is connected with the filtering module. The counting module determines whether the at least one under-test data point lies in the sub-region, and consequently generates a result signal. A counting value corresponding to the sub-region is selectively accumulated by the counting module according to the result signal.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for white point calibration using subtractive color measurements are provided. Specifically, a white point of a display may be calibrated using subtractive color measurements rather than merely additive color measurements. In one example, a display having red, green, and blue pixels may measure the responses in a subtractive color space (e.g., CMY) rather than additive color space (e.g., RGB). Measurements of the display response using subtractive color space may involve providing image data to two or more color channels at once. Thus, any crosstalk effect between channels may be accounted for, even though the same crosstalk effect might not be apparent using additive color measurements in which only a single channel color channel were measured.

Abstract: A memory system, a fully parallel encoding method, and a fully parallel decoding method are disclosed. The encoding method utilizes a plurality of minimal polynomials that constitute a generator polynomial to derive a plurality of roots from the minimal polynomials. A first encoding matrix derived according to the roots of the minimal polynomials is subsequently decomposed to derive a second encoding matrix, in which partial elements of the second encoding matrix are common in those of a parity check matrix of the decoder, such that the encoder and the decoder can efficiently share the same hardware. In addition, the decoding method defines a new error locator polynomial and utilizes a cubic matrix operation to respectively combine the equations, which reduces the hardware required by the fully parallel architecture.

Abstract: A flash memory apparatus, a memory controller and a method for controlling a flash memory are provided. The memory controller includes a damaged-column manager, an error checking and correcting decoder (ECC decoder) and a damaged-column decision circuit. The damaged-column manager logs a damaged-column address information in the flash memory. The ECC decoder receives a read data read by the flash memory and generates an error information according to whether or not the read data has error. The damaged-column decision circuit receives the error-column address and counts the number of accumulated generated times corresponding to the error-column address. The damaged-column decision circuit updates the damaged-column address information according to an error information.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display such as a liquid crystal display. The display may have multiple layers of material such as a color filter layer and a thin-film transistor layer. An opaque masking layer may be formed on a display layer such as the color filter layer. In an inactive portion of the display, the opaque masking layer may form a rectangular ring that serves as a border region surrounding a rectangular active portion of the display. In the active portion of the display, the opaque masking layer may be patterned to from an opaque matrix that separates color filter elements in an array of color filter elements. The opaque masking layer and color filter elements may be formed from polymers such as photoresist. The opaque masking layer may include a black pigment such as carbon black. Color filter elements and opaque masking material may include multiple sublayers.

Abstract: A memory system, a fully parallel encoding method, and a fully parallel decoding method are disclosed. The encoding method utilizes a plurality of minimal polynomials that constitute a generator polynomial to derive a plurality of roots from the minimal polynomials. A first encoding matrix derived according to the roots of the minimal polynomials is subsequently decomposed to derive a second encoding matrix, in which partial elements of the second encoding matrix are common in those of a parity check matrix of the decoder, such that the encoder and the decoder can efficiently share the same hardware. In addition, the decoding method defines a new error locator polynomial and utilizes a cubic matrix operation to respectively combine the equations, which reduces the hardware required by the fully parallel architecture.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for white point calibration using subtractive color measurements are provided. Specifically, a white point of a display may be calibrated using subtractive color measurements rather than merely additive color measurements. In one example, a display having red, green, and blue pixels may measure the responses in a subtractive color space (e.g., CMY) rather than additive color space (e.g., RGB). Measurements of the display response using subtractive color space may involve providing image data to two or more color channels at once. Thus, any crosstalk effect between channels may be accounted for, even though the same crosstalk effect might not be apparent using additive color measurements in which only a single channel color channel were measured.

Abstract: Methods and devices to compensate for image color variance due to display temperatures are provided. In one example, a display of an electronic device may include a first pixel section that has multiple pixels. The pixels may include a red subpixel, green subpixel, and blue subpixel that each has a respective aperture ratio. The display may also include a second pixel section that has multiple pixels. Again, the pixels may include a red subpixel, green subpixel, and blue subpixel that each has a respective aperture ratio. One or more of the subpixel aperture ratios of the first pixel section may be greater than a respective one or more of the subpixel aperture ratios of the second section to overcome image color variance that may exist due to temperature variations of the display.

Abstract: Methods and devices for discharging a pixel of an electronic display to be turned off are provided. In one example, a method may include supplying an activation signal to the pixel to activate the pixel. The method may also include supplying a data signal of substantially ground to a pixel electrode of the pixel. The method may include controlling a common electrode voltage of the pixel toward substantially ground. The method may also include removing the activation signal from the pixel after the common electrode voltage reaches substantially ground.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display such as a liquid crystal display. The display may have multiple layers of material such as a color filter layer and a thin-film transistor layer. An opaque masking layer may be formed on a display layer such as the color filter layer. In an inactive portion of the display, the opaque masking layer may form a rectangular ring that serves as a border region surrounding a rectangular active portion of the display. In the active portion of the display, the opaque masking layer may be patterned to from an opaque matrix that separates color filter elements in an array of color filter elements. The opaque masking layer and color filter elements may be formed from polymers such as photoresist. The opaque masking layer may include a black pigment such as carbon black. Color filter elements and opaque masking material may include multiple sublayers.

Abstract: A system for displaying images includes a liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel comprises a color filter substrate having a light shielding layer on a peripheral area and a common electrode on a display area and the peripheral area, and an array substrate having a pixel electrode on the display area and a separate and independent electrode with a fixed voltage on the peripheral area. The liquid crystal display panel further comprises a liquid crystal layer between the color filter substrate and the array substrate.