Abstract: A lead frame includes a plurality of lead portions. At least a part of an upper surface of the lead portion and a sidewall surface of the lead portion is a rough surface having been subjected to roughening treatment. A value of a* in a CIELab color space of the rough surface is within a range from 12 to 19, and a value of b* is within a range from 12 to 17.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control filter is provided that can reduce the pressure loss and has a high exhaust conversion performance and particulate matter capturing performance. An exhaust emission control filter includes: a filter base material having a wall flow structure; and an exhaust conversion catalyst carried on partitions of the filter base material. The median gas pore diameter (D50) of the filter base material after the exhaust conversion catalyst is carried on the filter base material is 17 ?m or more. The half width of the gas pore distribution of the filter base material ranges from 7 to 15 ?m. The exhaust conversion catalyst is ununiformly carried in a high-density layer having a relatively high density of the exhaust conversion catalyst and a low-density layer having a relatively low density of the exhaust conversion catalyst. The maximum gas pore diameter of the high-density layer is 11.7 ?m or less.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust purification filter that is able to reduce pressure loss and that has high exhaust purification performance and particulate matter trapping performance. This exhaust purification filter comprises a filter substrate having a wall flow structure, and an exhaust purification catalyst supported on a partition wall of the filter substrate. The volume-based median pore diameter (D50) of the filter substrate is 18 ?m or greater, the full width at half maximum of the pore distribution of the filter substrate is 7 ?m to 15 ?m, and the exhaust purification catalyst is supported in an unevenly distributed manner in a high-density layer in which the density of the exhaust purification catalyst is relatively high and a low-density layer in which the density of the exhaust purification catalyst is relatively low.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust purification filter with which pressure loss can be reduced, the filter having high exhaust purification performance and granular-substance-filtering performance. The exhaust purification filter comprises a filter base material having a wall flow structure, and an exhaust purification catalyst supported on a dividing wall of the filter base material, the exhaust purification filter being such that: a median pore diameter (D50) of the filter base material according to a volumetric basis is 15 ?m or greater; and the exhaust purification catalyst is unevenly supported on a high-density layer, in which the density of the exhaust purification catalyst is relatively high, and a low-density layer, in which the density of the exhaust purification catalyst is relatively low.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust purifying filter having high catalyst purification performance and particulate matter capturing performance while reducing pressure loss. A GPF includes a filter substrate in which a plurality of cells extending from an inflow-side end surface to an outflow-side end surface are partitioned and formed by a porous partition wall and an inflow-side cell in which an opening in the outflow-side end surface is sealed and an outflow-side cell in which an opening in the inflow-side end surface is sealed are alternately disposed; and a TWC which is carried on the partition wall, wherein a difference between a total volume of pores having pore diameters within a range of 0.1 ?m to 10.7 ?m in pore distribution of the GPF and a total volume of pores having pore diameters within a range of 0.1 ?m to 10.7 ?m in pore distribution of the filter substrate is 0.015 ml/g˜0.06 ml/g.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust purifying filter having high catalyst purification performance and particulate matter capturing performance while reducing pressure loss. A GPF includes a filter substrate in which a plurality of cells extending from an inflow-side end surface to an outflow-side end surface are partitioned and formed by a porous partition wall and an inflow-side cell in which an opening in the outflow-side end surface is sealed and an outflow-side cell in which an opening in the inflow-side end surface is sealed are alternately disposed; and a TWC which is carried on the partition wall, wherein a difference between a total volume of pores having pore diameters within a range of 0.1 ?m to 10.7 ?m in pore distribution of the GPF and a total volume of pores having pore diameters within a range of 0.1 ?m to 10.7 ?m in pore distribution of the filter substrate is 0.015 ml/g˜0.06 ml/g.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of .alpha.-tocopherol. According to the process, a condensation reaction between trimethylhydroquinone and a specific phytol derivative or isophytol is conducted in the presence of any one of the following solvents:(i) a carbonate ester;(ii) a lower fatty acid ester represented by the following formula:R.sup.1 COOR.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 means a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 means a lower alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms with the proviso that methyl acetate and ethyl acetate are excluded;(iii) a mixed solvent of a nonpolar solvent and a lower alcohol having 1-5 carbon atoms; and(iv) a mixed solvent of the nonpolar solvent and the lower fatty acid ester.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of .alpha.-tocopherol. According to the process, a condensation reaction between trimethylhydroquinone and a specific phytol derivative or isophytol is conducted in the presence of any one of the following solvents:(i) a carbonate ester,(ii) a lower fatty acid ester represented by the following formula:R.sup.1 COOR.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 means a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 means a lowe alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms with the proviso that methyl acetate and ethyl acetate are excluded;(iii) a mixed solvent of a nonpolar solvent and a lower alcohol having 1-5 carbon atoms; and(iv) a mixed solvent of the nonpolar solvent and the lower fatty acid ester.

Abstract: A hydroquinone derivative (I) represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, acetyl group or benzoyl group, such hydroquinone derivative being useful as an intermediate for chroman derivatives useful as a blood sugar-lowering agent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a quinone derivative represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical with or different from each other and mean individually a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group, or may form an aromatic ring together, R.sup.3 denotes a lower alkyl group, n stands for 0 or an integer of 1-9, and a linkage --- is a single or double bond, such as a vitamin K derivative or coenzyme derivative; and a process for the preparation of the quinone derivative at a high yield without forming any geometric isomer; as well as a 1,4,4.sub.a,8.sub.a -tetrahydro-4.sub.a .alpha.-alkenyl-1.alpha.,4.alpha.-methanonaphthalene-5,8-dione derivative which is useful as an intermediate for the preparation of the quinone derivative.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a quinone derivative represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical with or different from each other and mean individually a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group, or may form an aromatic ring together, R.sup.3 denotes a lower alkyl group, n stands for 0 or an integer of 1-9, and a linkage--is a single or double bond, such as a vitamin K derivative or coenzyme Q derivative; and a process for the preparation of the quinone derivative at a high yield without forming any geometric isomer; as well as a 1,4,4.sub.a,8.sub.a -tetrahydro-4.sub.a .alpha.-alkenyl-1.alpha.,4.alpha.-methanonaphthalene-5,8-dione derivative which is useful as an intermediate for the preparation of the quinone derivative.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of .alpha.-tocopherol. According to the process, a condensation reaction between trimethylhydroquinone and a specific phytol derivative or isophytol is conducted in the presence of any one of the following solvents:(i) a carbonate ester,(ii) a lower fatty acid ester represented by the following formula:R.sup.1 COOR.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 means a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 means a lower alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms with the proviso that methyl acetate and ethyl acetate are excluded;(iii) a mixed solvent of a nonpolar solvent and a lower alcohol having 1-5 carbon atoms; and(iv) a mixed solvent of the nonpolar solvent and the lower fatty acid ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intermediates useful for the preparation of vitamin K derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the industrial preparation of the quinone derivative represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## which is an intermediate for chroman derivatives useful as a blood sugar lowering agent, and novel intermediates, encompasses the following:(1) Oxidation of the corresponding hydroquinone derivative, and(2) Hydrolysis of the corresponding acyl hydroquinone derivative with a Claisen alkali, followed by the oxidation of resulting hydrolyzate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a quinone derivative represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 are identical with or different from each other and mean individually a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group, or may form an aromatic ring together, E.sup.3 denotes a lower alkyl group, n stands for 0 or an integer of 1-9, and a linkage ------ is a single or double bond, such as a vitamin K derivative or coenzyme Q derivative; and a process for the preparation of the quinone derivative at a high yield without forming any geometric isomer; as well as a 1,4,4.sub.a,8.sub.a -tetrahydro-4.sub.a .alpha.-alkenyl-1.alpha.,4.alpha.-methanonaphthalene-5,8-dione derivative which is useful as an intermediate for the preparation of the quinone derivative.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a naphthoquinone derivative represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 means a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or methyl group, n stands for 0 or an integer of 1-9, and a linkage is a single bond or double bond with the proviso that if n is an integer of 2-9, the linkages may be identical with or different optionally from each other, such as a vitamin K derivative; and a process for producing the naphthoquinone derivative at a high yield without forming any geometric isomer; as well as 1,4,4.sub.a,5,8,9.sub.a -hexahydro-4.sub.a .alpha.-alkenyl-1.alpha.,4.alpha.-methanoanthraquinone derivatives and 1,4,4.sub.a,5,8,9.sub.a -hexahydro-1.alpha.,4.alpha.-methanoanthraquinone derivatives which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of the naphthoquinone derivatives.