Abstract: Substrate aluminum detection means (33a) irradiates a substrate (11) before film formation with primary X-rays from a measurement head (23) and detects fluorescent X-rays generated from the substrate (11) by the measurement head (23) to detect an aluminum component contained in the substrate (11). When an aluminum film is formed on the substrate (11), aluminum film correction means (33b) corrects intensity of fluorescent X-rays detected from the aluminum film by the measurement head (23) based on a detection result of the substrate aluminum detection means (33a) to obtain thickness of the aluminum film.

Abstract: A measurement head (23) irradiates a film (12) of a product substrate (10) with primary X-rays to detect fluorescent X-rays generated from the film (12). Analysis means (33) obtains thickness of the film (12) from intensity of the fluorescent X-rays detected by the measurement head (23).

Abstract: A sinusoidal wave data stream for correcting a torque ripple of a motor is stored in a torque ripple corrective memory. As the motor rotates, rotational angle information is computed from a rotational pulse signal and a rotor magnetic pole position pulse signal, which are generated accompanying the rotation. A sinusoidal wave data corresponding to the rotational angle information is recalled. Then, the sinusoidal wave data constituting a torque ripple corrective signal is subtracted from a motor control signal. With the use of the motor control signal after the subtraction, the motor is driven and controlled. With this arrangement, the motor torque ripple, which is a main cause of speed fluctuation of a polyphase brushless motor, is suppressed and stable and precise motor speed control is achieved.

Abstract: The motor speed control device of the present invention is provided with an FG sensor and a waveform shaping circuit for obtaining N pulse signals (N.gtoreq.1 where N is an integer) in one rotation of a motor so as to control the rotation speed of the motor in accordance with period information of the FG pulse signal outputted from the waveform shaping circuit. The motor speed control device is further provided with an FG nonuniformity correcting circuit for correcting, by using respective period information of a rising edge-falling edge period and a falling edge-rising edge period, periodic nonuniformity of each period. The motor speed control device controls the motor in response to an actual speed error signal whose nonuniformity such as a duty error and a phase error has been corrected by the FG nonuniformity correcting circuit.

Abstract: A differential amplifier amplifies a PG reproduction signal to a level permitting signal processing. A low-pass filter makes the signal waveform of a PG detection signal generated by the differential amplifier substantially uniform irrespectively of the rotational speed of a rotating drum. A comparator outputs a PG pulse by comparing an output of the low-pass filter with a threshold. A magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus having such a structure can detect the PG pulse with accuracy over a rotational speed range requiring a precision control of the rotating drum.

Abstract: The Invention is an image input apparatus equipped with means of image shifting which is capable of inputting images of different resolutions, and enables the transmission band of the spatial filter to be switched in accordance with resolution in order to prevent moire. When a flat transparent refraction plate 22 is inclined relative to the optical axis 10 by which light from the object is introduced, the position where the image is formed on the imaging surface of the CCD 14 is shifted, thus making image shifting possible. High resolution images are obtained by shifting the image a distance shorter than the distance between the photosensitive parts of the CCD 14, and then combining the images. The transmission band of the spatial filter 12 for preventing moire can be switched by changing the relative angles of the double refraction plates 20, 21.

Abstract: Low-frequency components of a reproduced modulated signal is attenuated by an analog high-pass filter. The modulated signal with its low-frequency components attenuated is converted into a digital signal by means of an A/D converter. Then, the digital signal is directly introduced to a finite impulse response digital filter to be subjected to reproduced waveform equalization. Thereafter, the attenuation of the low-frequency components effected by the analog high-pass filter is compensated in an infinite impulse response digital filter.

Abstract: In a multi-track magnetic signal reproducing apparatus, a plurality of MR heads including MR (Magneto Resistance Effect) elements are provided correspondingly to tracks on a magnetic tape. At the time of reproduction, constant current from a constant current power supply is sequentially supplied as pulse-shaped current for detecting a signal to each MR element by a switching operation by switch in response to a prescribed clock signal, and output voltage from each MR element related to reproduction of a magnetic signal on a corresponding track is sequentially provided to one input side of a differential amplifier. In differential amplifier, the offset voltage of each MR element provided to the other input side and the above-described output voltage are differentially amplified and only voltage due to the reproducing magnetic signal of each track is accurately extracted.

Abstract: A digital receive signal is sampled by an A/D converter, and the position of a point at which the receive signal crosses a reference level is obtained in response to sampling data by an exclusive OR gate. A phase interval between the present sampling point and the point at which the receive signal crosses the reference level is obtained by an arithmetic circuit, and the phase of the present sampling point is obtained in accordance with the position of the crossing point, the phase interval P between the present sampling point and the crossing point obtained by arithmetic circuit, the phase of a preceding sampling point obtained by an I-bit parallel delay circuit, and the phase of a sampling point which is two points preceding to the present sampling point and obtained by an I-bit j-stage parallel delay circuit.

Abstract: A tracking control device for a magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus arranged in such a manner that a head unit having a plurality of magnetic heads is successively moved in the widthwise direction of a magnetic tape for switching tracking positions so that data recording/reproducing is, by each of the plurality of magnetic heads, performed along a plurality of data tracks formed on the magnetic tape in parallel to a direction in which the magnetic tape moves.

Abstract: A recording position compensation circuit for use in the digital information recording-reproduction apparatus of the present disclosure has a microprocessor for generating an offset signal indicating a deviation between standard signal processing time, which is required for a process wherein digital medium information already recorded on the recording medium is reproduced through the advanced reproduction head and re-recorded on the recording medium through the recording head, and inter-head travelling time required for the recording medium to travel a distance from the advanced reproduction head to the recording head. A first counter generates a reference symbol pointer indicating a reference of a sequence whereby digital information stored in the memory is read out so that a part of the digital information is rewritten. A second counter generates a compensated symbol pointer having a phase difference corresponding to the deviation with respect to the reference symbol pointer.

Abstract: A wave shaping circuit includes a digital sampling circuit for sampling an input signal and producing a digital signal. The sampled signal is detected by a sign detector for detecting whether it is positive or negative. A unit difference generator is provided for generating a unit difference which is equal to a difference increased, during one sampling cycle, in a positive or negative direction as detected by the sign detector. A register is provided for storing a summed difference obtained in the previous sampling cycle. The summed difference is multiplied by a predetermined coefficient which is between 0 and 1 so that the product changes exponentially. A first adder is provided for adding the summed difference multiplied by the coefficient with the unit difference. The added result is stored in the register. A second adder is provided for adding the sampled input signal with the summed signal stored in the register, and producing a corrected signal.