Abstract: A zipped ion-exchange membrane (Z-IEM) having at least one cation-exchange polyelectrolyte (CEP) crosslinked with at least one anion-exchange polyelectrolyte (AEP), wherein the CEP has a molar fraction of positive charges (x) so that: (i) when x=0.5, the Z-IEM is a completely neutralized ion-exchange membrane; (ii) when x>0.5, the Z-IEM is a cation-conducting ion-exchange membrane; (iii) when x<0.5, the Z-IEM is an anion-conducting ion-exchange membrane.

Abstract: A zipped ion-exchange membrane (Z-IEM) having at least one cation-exchange polyelectrolyte (CEP) crosslinked with at least one anion-exchange polyelectrolyte (AEP), wherein the CEP has a molar fraction of positive charges (x) so that: (i) when x=0.5, the Z-IEM is a completely neutralized ion-exchange membrane; (ii) when x>0.5, the Z-IEM is a cation-conducting ion-exchange membrane; (iii) when x<0.5, the Z-IEM is an anion-conducting ion-exchange membrane.

Abstract: A process for the production of lipids from biomass derived from guayule plants comprising: obtaining a hydrolysate comprising 5 carbon atom (C5) sugars from biomass derived from guayule plants, said 5 carbon atom (C5) sugars being present in said hydrolysate in a quantity greater than or equal to 80% by weight, preferably ranging from 85% by weight to 99% by weight, with respect to the total weight of said hydrolysate; feeding said hydrolysate to a fermentation device in the presence of at least one oleaginous yeast to obtain a fermentation broth; at the end of fermentation, subjecting said fermentation broth to separation obtaining an aqueous suspension of oleaginous cellular biomass comprising lipids and an aqueous phase. The lipids thus obtained can be advantageously used in the production of biofuel such as, for example, biodiesel or green diesel that can be used as such, or in mixtures with other fuels, for automotive transport.

Abstract: A process for the production of lipids from biomass derived from guayule plants comprising: obtaining a hydrolysate comprising 5 carbon atom (C5) sugars from biomass derived from guayule plants, said 5 carbon atom (C5) sugars being present in said hydrolysate in a quantity greater than or equal to 80% by weight, preferably ranging from 85% by weight to 99% by weight, with respect to the total weight of said hydrolysate; feeding said hydrolysate to a fermentation device in the presence of at least one oleaginous yeast to obtain a fermentation broth; at the end of fermentation, subjecting said fermentation broth to separation obtaining an aqueous suspension of oleaginous cellular biomass comprising lipids and an aqueous phase. The lipids thus obtained can be advantageously used in the production of biofuel such as, for example, biodiesel or green diesel that can be used as such, or in mixtures with other fuels, for automotive transport.