Abstract: An electronic trading system utilizes a Match Engine that receives orders, stores them internally, calculates tradable combinations and advertises the availability of real and implied orders in the form of market data. Calculating tradable combinations or cycles for certain strategies becomes complex. Strategies that utilize legs having different volume ratios may form tradable combinations that will traverse a trigger order more than one time.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for processing binary options (also referred to as digital options) in existing clearing systems, such as futures clearing systems. The binary option is treated, or processed, similar to standard options on a non-tradeable cash-settled underlying futures contract. A hypothetical instrument, referred to as a book instrument is created to facilitate clearing of the binary option. The book instrument has an expiration date after the expiration of the binary option, such as the day after the expiration of the binary option. For each binary option that expires in the money, a transaction is created for the book instrument future. The underlying book future has an assigned price that is a fixed amount less that the final price for the underlying statistical or actual value of the binary option at expiration. Transactions are loaded in the clearing system and processed and all positions are liquidated.

Abstract: An electronic trading system utilizes a Match Engine that receives orders, stores them internally, calculates tradable combinations and advertises the availability of real and implied orders in the form of market data. New tradable items defined as combinations of other tradable items may be included in the calculation of tradable combinations. A technique is disclosed for transforming a combination or strategy contract with an arbitrary number of buy and sell legs with an arbitrary volume ratio for each leg into a form that can be used for rapid implied order calculations.

Abstract: Systems and method for mediating risks associated with orders in an electronic trading system are provided. A front end component includes a plurality of trading engines that receive orders from traders. A back-end component includes a match system. The system includes a credit control module, which may be located at the back-end (e.g., clearinghouse), front end, a combination thereof, or other location that communicates with the plurality of trading engines. The credit control may monitor aggregate risk parameters for the trading engines and requests credits from trading engines.

Abstract: Methods and systems for calculating values for indexes based on breakout currencies are provided. A prospective breakout index may be formed before an entity breaks out of a monetary union. Other aspects relate to calculating an initial index value on a breakout date. An initial exchange rate of the breakout currency may be combined with a breakout value and/or a base value. In one embodiment, the breakout value is the reciprocal of the initial exchange rate. Therefore, in accordance with certain embodiments, the initial index value of the breakout index may be equal to the base value. Further aspects relate to calculating a second index value. A second exchange rate of the breakout currency may be utilized with the fixed base value and the breakout value to calculate the second index value of the breakout index. Further aspects relate to creating a prospective currency unit for a monetary union.

Abstract: A system and method of providing a collateralized loan utilizing a clearing counterparty is disclosed. The system includes a match engine module to receive an order for a bundled box spread future representative of the collateralized loan via an options box spread. The order specifies an interest rate associated with the collateralized loan as the price of the futures contract. A trade database identifies a bundled box spread future associated with the received order and interest rate and an order book module identifies a standing order that is compatible with the received order. A clearing module credits an account with a loan amount based on the identified bundled option box future. A risk management module credits a margin amount to reflect the collateralized loan and associated collateral assets.

Abstract: Fault tolerant operation is disclosed for a primary match server of a financial exchange using an active copy-cat instance, a.k.a. backup match server, that mirrors operations in the primary match server, but only after those operations have successfully completed in the primary match server. Fault tolerant logic monitors inputs and outputs of the primary match server and gates those inputs to the backup match server once a given input has been processed. The outputs of the backup match server are then compared with the outputs of the primary match server to ensure correct operation. The disclosed embodiments further relate to fault tolerant failover mechanism allowing the backup match server to take over for the primary match server in a fault situation wherein the primary and backup match servers are loosely coupled, i.e. they need not be aware that they are operating in a fault tolerant environment.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described relating to swap execution facilities (SEFs), such as additional new order/spread types for use with SEFs and clearing houses (CHs). Some new order/spread types include covered calls based on clearing house (CH); peg orders based on CH; stop orders with option to get out or specify CH; UDS with or without with designation for specific CH or generic; flex with or without; cancel all within a CH or aggregated or risk based; FX Spot and TomNext™ and related spreads; energy natural hedges; intercommodity spreads; stop button by CH, exchange, or both; and other types of orders that may be modified to incorporate a CCP attribute.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatuses are described for processing and clearing derivatives products with a digital outcome and a plurality of constituents. A computer system configured to process and clear derivative products can accept initial and adjusted performance bonds from buyers and sellers, and adjust the market price of the derivative product at intervals. The market price may be adjusted on a mark-to-market basis and through analysis of other information, e.g., a change in credit rating of reference entities of the derivative product. As a result of price adjustments, cash flow may be generated between buyers and sellers (e.g., credit and debit to accounts). The derivative product may pay a percentage of a predetermined final settlement amount upon the triggering of a predetermined event in each of the constituents of the derivative product. However, upon expiration of the derivative product, the derivative's market price is settled to zero and the agreement is terminated.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for processing derivative product orders at an exchange. Traders provide derivative product order risk data to the exchange. The order risk data may include maximum delta, gamma and/or vega utilization values for derivative product contracts based on the same underlying product. Before executing a trade, a match system analyzes the trader's current utilization state and the utilization that would result after the trade. The match system may then execute all or a portion of the trade.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to determining a listing date, an expiration date and the cash settlement price of a futures contract, i.e. a Treasury Futures, for the delivery of the most recently issued, referred to as an on-the-run, US treasury Note of a particular maturity by reference to the U.S. Treasury Auction cycle and the difference between a resultant industry surveyed swap rate and a resultant industry surveyed swap spread of the respective tenors (time remaining until maturity) of the on-the-run treasury futures.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for analyzing a risk offset associated with a portfolio including a plurality of products traded on an exchange is disclosed. The method includes comparing a first market response of a first product in the portfolio with a second market response of a second product in the portfolio where the first and second market responses result from a change in market data, calculating an offsetting effect between the first market response and the second market response where the first and second market responses are substantially different responses to the same change in the market data, determining a diversification spread based on the offsetting effect derived between the first product and the second product, calculating a diversification spread credit based on the determined diversification spread, and adjusting a margin requirement for the portfolio based on the diversification spread credit.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to fulfill customer trading orders in an illiquid two sided market. Request for cross functionality may be implemented in a trading environment using a trading engine for the matching of trades involving financial instruments. Request for cross functionally integrates the benefits of a dual bid-ask continuous trading market model with the price and quantity trade matching systems and methods.

Abstract: Systems and methods for matching orders are provided. One or more trade templates are created. The trade templates define groups of orders for financial instruments that may be combined such that all of the orders are matched. New orders and resting orders are analyzed using one or more trade templates to determine whether a combination of orders satisfies all of the elements of a trade template. When all of the elements of a trade template are satisfied, the corresponding orders may be matched contemporaneously.

Abstract: A method of settling trades includes the steps of obtaining an authenticated delivery instrument, wherein the authenticated delivery instrument is authenticated by a first exchange and may be used to settle a trade undertaken on the first exchange. An electronic proxy is issued for the delivery instrument, wherein the electronic proxy may be exchanged for the authenticated delivery instrument and where the electronic proxy is used to settle a trade undertaken on a second exchange.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for executing a hedge transaction in connection with the execution of a derivative product order in which the price of the derivative product is defined by one or more variables. The hedge transaction may be executed at an exchange or match engine that is different from the exchange or match engine executing the derivative product order. The execution of derivative product transaction may be contingent on the existence of an appropriate hedge transaction. Alternatively, a best efforts approach may be used to fill the hedge transaction order after executing the derivative product transaction.

Abstract: Networks, systems and methods that match orders for TBA futures and settle and clear open positions for TBA futures are disclosed. The TBA futures may include MBS TBA future contracts. A central counterparty clearing firm may net long and short positions and generate delivery instructions to parties having open positions.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for processing derivative product orders at an exchange. Traders provide derivative product order risk data to the exchange. The order risk data may include maximum delta, gamma and/or vega utilization values for derivative product contracts based on the same underlying product. Before executing a trade, a match system analyzes the trader's current utilization state and the utilization that would result after the trade. The match system may then execute all or a portion of the trade.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to a system which calculates a conversion factor (CF) based upon a zero percent (0%) futures contract standard. The zero percent futures contract standard may be used in the context of futures or forwards based upon coupon bearing debt securities including Treasuries, Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS), agencies, corporates, municipals, or any fixed income security. The system also facilitates listing, trading, and settlement of an interest rate futures contract that sets forth such a zero percent futures contract standard. The system may be configured for both interest rate futures contracts utilizing a nonzero percent futures contract standard and interest rate futures contract utilizing a zero percent futures contract standard. The system may be configured to calculate an invoice amount for the interest rate futures contract to be paid in exchange for the delivery of the one of the set of eligible interest rate or debt securities and instruments.

Abstract: Networks, systems and methods for recovering data messages from a market data stream and for building a book for a financial instrument are disclosed. An out-of-band data stream related to an as-of state of the market for one or more financial instruments is distributed parallel to a stream of market data for the financial instrument. The as-of data stream is referenced to the financial according to a unique identifier of the messages of the market data stream. The as-of data for a financial instrument may be provided at periodic rate that may be varied according to one or more factors.