Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solar cell comprising steps of: (a) preparing a substrate comprising a semiconductor layer and a passivation layer formed at least on the back side of the semiconductor layer, wherein the passivation layer on the back side comprises one or more openings; (b) forming an aluminum (Al) conductor pattern at least in the openings of the passivation layer on the back side by applying an Al paste, wherein the Al paste comprises: (i) an Al powder, (ii) a glass frit, (iii) a zirconium carbide (ZrC) powder, and (iv) an organic medium; and (c) firing the Al conductor pattern.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising steps of: a) providing a semiconductor substrate having a light-receiving side and a back side, wherein a passivation layer is formed on the back side; b) forming a silver conductor pattern on the back side of the semiconductor substrate; c) forming an aluminum conductor pattern on the back side of the semiconductor substrate, at least part of the aluminum conductor pattern being superimposed on at least part of the silver conductor pattern; and d) firing the silver conductor pattern and the aluminum conductor pattern at the same time, thereby forming an electric contact between the semiconductor substrate and the aluminum conductor pattern by way of fire through in a region where the silver conductor pattern and the aluminum conductor pattern are superimposed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solar cell comprising steps of: (a) preparing a substrate comprising a semiconductor layer and a passivation layer formed at least on the back side of the semiconductor layer, wherein the passivation layer on the back side comprises one or more openings; (b) forming an aluminum (Al) conductor pattern at least in the openings of the passivation layer on the back side by applying an Al paste, wherein the Al paste comprises: (i) an Al powder, (ii) a glass frit, (iii) a zirconium carbide (ZrC) powder, and (iv) an organic medium; and (c) firing the Al conductor pattern.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising the steps of: a) providing a semiconductor substrate having a light-receiving side and a back side, wherein a passivation layer is formed on the back side; b) forming a silver conductor pattern comprising a metal resinate on the back side of the semiconductor substrate; c) forming an aluminum conductor pattern on the back side of the semiconductor substrate, at least part of the aluminum conductor pattern being superimposed on at least part of the silver conductor pattern; and d) firing the silver conductor pattern and the aluminum conductor pattern at the same time, thereby forming an electric contact between the semiconductor substrate and the aluminum conductor pattern by way of fire through in a region where the silver conductor pattern and the aluminum conductor pattern are superimposed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrically conductive composition comprising (i) an electrically conductive metal, (ii) a component selected from the group consisting of Li2RuO3, ion-exchanged Li2RuO3 and mixtures thereof, and (iii) a glass frit all dispersed in an organic medium. The present invention is further directed to an electrode formed from the composition and a semiconductor device and, in particular, a solar cell comprising such an electrode. The electrodes provide good adhesion and good electrical performance.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising steps of: a) providing a semiconductor substrate having a light-receiving side and a back side, wherein a passivation layer is formed on the back side; b) forming a silver conductor pattern on the back side of the semiconductor substrate; c) forming an aluminum conductor pattern on the back side of the semiconductor substrate, at least part of the aluminum conductor pattern being superimposed on at least part of the silver conductor pattern; and d) firing the silver conductor pattern and the aluminum conductor pattern at the same time, thereby forming an electric contact between the semiconductor substrate and the aluminum conductor pattern by way of fire through in a region where the silver conductor pattern and the aluminum conductor pattern are superimposed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solar cell back side electrode comprising: (a) preparing a substrate comprising a semiconductor layer and a passivation layer formed on the back side of the semiconductor layer, wherein the passivation layer has one or more openings; (b) applying, onto the back side of the substrate, an aluminum paste comprising, (i) an aluminum powder, (ii) a glass frit comprising 30 to 70 cation mole percent of lead, 1 to 40 cation mole percent of silicon and 10 to 65 cation mole percent of boron, and 1 to 25 cation mole percent of aluminum, based on the total mole of cationic components in the glass frit, and (iii) an organic medium, wherein the aluminum paste covers the openings; and (c) firing the aluminum paste in a furnace, wherein the aluminum paste does not fire through the passivation layer during the firing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrically conductive composition comprising (i) an electrically conductive metal, (ii) a component selected from the group consisting of Li2RuO3, ion-exchanged Li2RuO3 and mixtures thereof, and (iii) a glass frit all dispersed in an organic medium. The present invention is further directed to an electrode formed from the composition and a semiconductor device and, in particular, a solar cell comprising such an electrode. The electrodes provide good adhesion and good electrical performance.