Abstract: A band-gap reference start-up circuit includes a pull-up unit, a bias current unit, and a start-up unit. The pull-up unit and the bias current unit are coupled to a control node. The start-up unit is coupled to a trigger terminal of the band-gap voltage reference circuit and the control node. During a start-up process of the band-gap voltage reference circuit, the bias current unit is enabled to generate a bias current for pulling down a voltage of the control node, the start-up unit is enabled to generate a start-up current for raising a voltage of the trigger terminal to enable the band-gap voltage reference circuit when the voltage of the control node is pulled down by the bias circuit unit, and the pull-up unit is enabled to generate the pull-up current for raising the voltage of the control node when the band-gap voltage reference circuit is enabled.

Abstract: A random bit cell includes a random bit cell. The random bit cell includes a volatile memory unit, a first non-volatile memory unit, a second non-volatile memory unit, a first select transistor, and a second select transistor. The first non-volatile memory unit is coupled to a first data terminal of the volatile memory unit, and the second non-volatile memory unit is coupled to a second data terminal of the volatile memory unit. The first select transistor has a first terminal coupled to the first data terminal of the volatile memory unit, a second terminal coupled to a first bit line, and a control terminal coupled to a word line. The second select transistor has a first terminal coupled to the second data terminal of the volatile memory unit, a second terminal coupled to a second bit line, and a control terminal coupled to a word line.

Abstract: A band-gap reference start-up circuit includes a pull-up unit, a bias current unit, and a start-up unit. The pull-up unit and the bias current unit are coupled to a control node. The start-up unit is coupled to a trigger terminal of the band-gap voltage reference circuit and the control node. During a start-up process of the band-gap voltage reference circuit, the bias current unit is enabled to generate a bias current for pulling down a voltage of the control node, the start-up unit is enabled to generate a start-up current for raising a voltage of the trigger terminal to enable the band-gap voltage reference circuit when the voltage of the control node is pulled down by the bias circuit unit, and the pull-up unit is enabled to generate the pull-up current for raising the voltage of the control node when the band-gap voltage reference circuit is enabled.

Abstract: A random bit cell incudes a random bit cell. The random bit cell includes a volatile memory unit, a first non-volatile memory unit, a second non-volatile memory unit, a first select transistor, and a second select transistor. The first non-volatile memory unit is coupled to a first data terminal of the volatile memory unit, and the second non-volatile memory unit is coupled to a second data terminal of the volatile memory unit. The first select transistor has a first terminal coupled to the first data terminal of the volatile memory unit, a second terminal coupled to a first bit line, and a control terminal coupled to a word line. The second select transistor has a first terminal coupled to the second data terminal of the volatile memory unit, a second terminal coupled to a second bit line, and a control terminal coupled to a word line.

Abstract: A battery protection IC applied to a battery charging system is provided, where the battery charging system includes a charger and a switch, the switch is coupled between the charger and a battery when the battery is put into the battery charging system, and the battery protection IC includes a voltage divider, a comparator and a controller. The voltage divider is coupled to a first node of the switch, and is utilized for dividing a voltage of the first node to generate a divided voltage, whereat least one resistor of the voltage divider is formed by two different types of fuses. The comparator is utilized for comparing the voltage with a reference voltage to generate a comparison result. The controller is utilized for generating a control signal according to the comparison result, where the control signal is utilized for switching on or switching off the switch.

Abstract: A battery protection IC applied to a battery charging system is provided, where the battery charging system includes a charger and a switch, the switch is coupled between the charger and a battery when the battery is put into the battery charging system, and the battery protection IC includes a voltage divider, a comparator and a controller. The voltage divider is coupled to a first node of the switch, and is utilized for dividing a voltage of the first node to generate a divided voltage, whereat least one resistor of the voltage divider is formed by two different types of fuses. The comparator is utilized for comparing the voltage with a reference voltage to generate a comparison result. The controller is utilized for generating a control signal according to the comparison result, where the control signal is utilized for switching on or switching off the switch.

Abstract: A method includes forming a resist over a substrate, resulting in a layer of resist scum between the resist and the substrate. The method further includes forming trenches in the resist, wherein at least a portion of the layer of resist scum remains between the trenches and the substrate. The method further includes forming a first material layer in the trenches, wherein the first material layer has a higher etch resistance than the resist in an etching process. The method further includes performing the etching process to the first material layer, the resist, and the layer of resist scum, thereby forming a patterned first material layer over a patterned layer of resist scum over the substrate.