Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a front-side horizontal conducting line and a front-side vertical conducting line at the front side of the substrate, a transistor in a semiconductor structure at the front side of the substrate, and a backside conducting line at a backside of the substrate. The front-side horizontal conducting line is directly connected to a first terminal of the transistor through a front-side terminal via-connector and directly connected to the front-side horizontal conducting line through a front-side metal-to-metal via-connector. A word connection line directly is connected to a gate terminal of the transistor through a gate via-connector. The backside conducting line is directly connected to a second terminal of the transistor through a backside terminal via-connector. In the integrated circuit, a front-side fuse element is conductively connected to either the front-side vertical conducting line or the front-side horizontal conducting line.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a transistor formed in a semiconductor structure, a front-side horizontal conducting line in a first metal layer above the semiconductor structure, and a front-side vertical conducting line in a second metal layer above the first metal layer. The front-side horizontal conducting line is directly connected to a first terminal of the transistor, and the front-side vertical conducting line is directly connected to the front-side horizontal conducting line. In the integrated circuit, a front-side fuse element is conductively connected to the front-side vertical conducting line, and a backside conducting line is directly connected to a second terminal of the transistor. A word connection line extending in the first direction is directly connected to a gate terminal of the transistor.

Abstract: Systems and methods to generate a model based on a subset of models generated at remote devices include a first device operatively coupled with a second device. The first device can generate, based on a model parameter and data restricted to the first device, a first model via machine learning, partition the first model into a plurality of local mask shares each including a distinct portion of the first model, encode one or more of the plurality of local mask shares into a corresponding first plurality of encoded shares, and generate an aggregation of encoded shares including a first encoded share having a first index among the first plurality of encoded shares and a second encoded share having the first index among a second plurality of encoded shares. The second encoded share includes a distinct portion of a second model generated by a second device via machine learning.

Abstract: A method of reducing gray energy consumption and achieving optimal gray energy saving for carbon neutralization is proposed. In a cellular network, each cell or BS (group of cells) has renewable (green) and non-renewable (gray, on-grid power) energy sources. The renewable (green) energy is highly variable and unpredictable, while non-renewable (gray, on-grid power) is stable but is not renewable and thus has more carbon impact. Each cell or BS (group of cells) services is associated UEs when it is on. In one novel aspect, a cell or BS (group of cells) that consumes more non-renewable energy can give some or all of its served UEs to another cell or BS (group of cells) that consumes less non-renewable energy.

Abstract: A method of for performing carbon neutralization in a communication network is provided. The method includes receiving a service task from a user equipment. The method also includes obtaining a carbon neutralization calculation parameter related to performing the received service task. The method further includes selecting, based on the obtained carbon neutralization calculation parameter, a target entity from a plurality of candidate targets at which the received service task can be performed. The method further includes sending the received service task to the selected target entity.

Abstract: A touch module including an image sensing unit, a plurality of first reflecting elements, a plurality of second reflecting elements, and a processing unit is provided. The image sensing unit is positioned in correspondence with a first corner of a sensing area and capable of capturing a sensing image to output an image signal. The first reflecting elements and the second reflecting elements respectively have different first angles and different second angles, are disposed along a first and the second edges of the sensing area respectively, and are capable of reflecting a touch object to form a first and a second image in the sensing image. A second corner formed by the first the second edges is diagonal to the first corner. The processing unit is coupled the image sensing unit and receives the image signal to determine the position of the touch object relative to the sensing area.

Abstract: A touch module including an image sensing unit, a plurality of first reflecting elements, a plurality of second reflecting elements, and a processing unit is provided. The image sensing unit is positioned in correspondence with a first corner of a sensing area and capable of capturing a sensing image to output an image signal. The first reflecting elements and the second reflecting elements respectively have different first angles and different second angles, are disposed along a first and the second edges of the sensing area respectively, and are capable of reflecting a touch object to form a first and a second image in the sensing image. A second corner formed by the first the second edges is diagonal to the first corner. The processing unit is coupled the image sensing unit and receives the image signal to determine the position of the touch object relative to the sensing area.

Abstract: A thin film solar cell including a substrate, a first conductive layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, a second conductive layer and a passivation layer is provided. The first conductive layer disposed on the substrate has a plurality of first openings, so as to divide the first conductive layer into bottom electrodes of a plurality of photovoltaic elements. The photoelectric conversion layer disposed on the first conductive layer has a plurality of second openings. The second conductive layer is disposed on the photoelectric conversion layer and electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the second openings. The passivation layer is disposed on the sidewall of the photoelectric conversion layer, so that the second conductive layer in the second openings is electrically isolated from the photoelectric conversion layer. A manufacturing method of the thin film solar cell is also provided.

Abstract: A thin film solar cell includes a substrate, a plurality of photovoltaic cells and at least one control unit. The photovoltaic cells generate a photocurrent respectively. Each photovoltaic cell includes a first conductive layer disposed on the substrate, a photovoltaic layer and a second conductive layer. The photovoltaic layer disposed on the first conductive layer has an opening exposing the first conductive layer. The second conductive layer disposed on the photovoltaic layer is connected electrically to the first conductive layer of the adjacent photovoltaic cell through the opening. The control unit is connected to at least one of the photovoltaic cell electrically. When the photocurrent generated by at least one of the photovoltaic cells is different from the photocurrent generated by other photovoltaic cells, the control unit provided a compensable current to the first photovoltaic cell to make the photocurrents provided by the overall photovoltaic cells being matched.

Abstract: A thin film solar cell including a substrate, a first conductive layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, a second conductive layer and a passivation layer is provided. The first conductive layer disposed on the substrate has a plurality of first openings, so as to divide the first conductive layer into bottom electrodes of a plurality of photovoltaic elements. The photoelectric conversion layer disposed on the first conductive layer has a plurality of second openings. The second conductive layer is disposed on the photoelectric conversion layer and electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the second openings. The passivation layer is disposed on the sidewall of the photoelectric conversion layer, so that the second conductive layer in the second openings is electrically isolated from the photoelectric conversion layer. A manufacturing method of the thin film solar cell is also provided.

Abstract: A thin film solar cell including a substrate, a first conductive layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, a second conductive layer and a passivation layer is provided. The first conductive layer disposed on the substrate has a plurality of first openings, so as to divide the first conductive layer into bottom electrodes of a plurality of photovoltaic elements. The photoelectric conversion layer disposed on the first conductive layer has a plurality of second openings. The second conductive layer is disposed on the photoelectric conversion layer and electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the second openings. The passivation layer is disposed on the sidewall of the photoelectric conversion layer, so that the second conductive layer in the second openings is electrically isolated from the photoelectric conversion layer. A manufacturing method of the thin film solar cell is also provided.

Abstract: A fabricating method of a pixel structure is disclosed. The pixel structure is disposed on a substrate. The pixel structure comprises a scan line, a data line, an active element, a capacitor electrode, a pixel electrode and an electric field shielding layer. The fabricating method of the pixel structure comprises forming the scan line, the data line and the active element on the substrate first. The scan line and the data line are electrically coupled to the active element. Then, the capacitor electrode and the electric field shielding layer are formed on the substrate. Finally, the pixel electrode is formed on the substrate, covering the capacitor electrode and electrically coupled to the active element. The pixel electrode and the capacitor electrode form a pixel storage capacitor. The electric field shielding layer can avoid the interference between the data line and the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) with improved motion image quality. The LCD displays a frame during a frame time. A pixel of the LCD has a first switch and a second switch. At a first time point, the first switch is turned on by a video scan line, and a video data signal is transmitted to the pixel through a video data line, which make the pixel have first luminance intensity. At a second time point, the second switch is turned on by a particular color signal scan line, and a particular color data signal is transmitted to the pixel through a particular color signal data line, which make the pixel have second luminance intensity smaller than the first luminance intensity. A time interval between the second time point and the first time point is smaller than the frame time and the image dragging phenomenon is avoided.

Abstract: An ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) and a fabrication method of the same are disclosed including a non-single-crystal silicon-base substrate, a polysilicon layer, a source, a drain, an insulating layer, a first electrode, a second electrode, a passivation layer, and an ion sensitive gate. The polysilicon layer is formed above the non-single-crystal silicon-base substrate, the source and the drain are formed in the polysilicon layer, and a predetermined channel region is formed in the polysilicon layer between the source and the drain. The insulating layer is formed above the polysilicon layer including a first contact hole and a second contact hole. The first electrode and the second electrode are electrically couple to the source and the drain by the first contact hole and the second contact hole, respectively.

Abstract: A fabricating method of a pixel structure is disclosed. The pixel structure is disposed on a substrate. The pixel structure comprises a scan line, a data line, an active element, a capacitor electrode, a pixel electrode and an electric field shielding layer. The fabricating method of the pixel structure comprises forming the scan line, the data line and the active element on the substrate first. The scan line and the data line are electrically coupled to the active element. Then, the capacitor electrode and the electric field shielding layer are formed on the substrate. Finally, the pixel electrode is formed on the substrate, covering the capacitor electrode and electrically coupled to the active element. The pixel electrode and the capacitor electrode form a pixel storage capacitor. The electric field shielding layer can avoid the interference between the data line and the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A pixel structure and fabricating method thereof is provided. The pixel structure includes a scan line, a data line, an active component, a plurality of transparent capacitance electrodes and a pixel electrode. First, an active component, a scan line and a data line are formed over a substrate, wherein the active component is electrically connected to the scan line and the data line. In addition, a plurality of transparent capacitance electrodes are formed over the substrate. Next, a pixel electrode is formed over the transparent capacitance electrode and electrically connected to the active component. Thus, the pixel electrode and the transparent capacitance electrodes constitute a multilayer pixel storage capacitor. Since the pixel storage capacitor is comprised of transparent material, and being a multilayer structure, the capacitance of the pixel storage capacitor and the aperture ratio of the pixel structure respectively are increased.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor for sensing a fingerprint has a detecting and processing circuit and a plurality of sensing units. Each of the sensing units has a switch element, a first resistor, and a second resistor. The switch element has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. Resistance of the second resistor is fixed. The fingerprint influences an intensity of light illuminating the first resistor so that resistance of the first resistor and a voltage level of the second terminal change. When the switch elements are turned on, the detecting and processing circuit analyzes the fingerprint according to the voltage levels of the second terminals of the plurality switch elements.

Abstract: The present invention uses a voltage swing waveform that changes the Vcom voltage level at the half-frame time to achieve a row inversion effect. As such, the Vcom swing frequency is equal to the frame refreshing rate. As Vcom is provided to the LCD panel for driving the pixels, the voltage swing between two polarities may partially or fully charge some parasitic capacitance in each of the pixels. By reducing the Vcom swing frequency, the power consumption associated with the parasitic capacitance can be substantially reduced. Furthermore, in the driving scheme of the present invention, one half of a frame time is used for driving all odd-numbered rows consecutively and the other half of the frame time is used for driving all even-numbered rows consecutively.

Abstract: A polysilicon thin film transistor liquid crystal display (polysilicon TFT LCD) has a panel, a common voltage layer, a plurality of display cells, a plurality of scan lines, a plurality data lines, and a plurality common voltage drivers. The scan lines and the data lines are coupled to the display cells. Each of the common voltage drivers is formed in the panel and is used to generate a common voltage and to apply the common voltage to the common voltage layer.

Abstract: A pixel structure and a fabricating method thereof are disclosed. The pixel structure is disposed on a substrate. The pixel structure comprises a scan line, a data line, an active element, a capacitor electrode, a pixel electrode and an electric field shielding layer. The fabricating method of the pixel structure comprises forming the scan line, the data line and the active element on the substrate first. The scan line and the data line are electrically coupled to the active element. Then, the capacitor electrode and the electric field shielding layer are formed on the substrate. Finally, the pixel electrode is formed on the substrate, covering the capacitor electrode and electrically coupled to the active element. The pixel electrode and the capacitor electrode form a pixel storage capacitor. The electric field shielding layer can avoid the interference between the data line and the pixel electrode.