Abstract: A method for flattening a three-dimensional shoe upper template is provided. The method includes providing a three-dimensional last model, obtaining a three-dimensional grid model, obtaining a three-dimensional thickened grid model, obtaining a two-dimensional initial-value grid model, and obtaining a two-dimensional grid model with the smallest energy value. A system and a non-transitory computer-readable medium for performing the method are also provided. The method makes it possible to precisely flatten a three-dimensional last model with a non-developable surface and thereby convert the three-dimensional last model into a two-dimensional grid model.

Abstract: A joint protector used for protecting an extremity of a person. The protector is predominantly used as a knee and elbow protector. The protector comprises a generally cylindrical elastic member having an outer surface, an inner surface, an upper opening and a lower opening. The elastic member is of a size such that when the extremity is slipped through the upper and lower openings the elastic member snugly encloses the extremity and joint and is held firmly in place thereon. A pocket enclosure is provided that is located intermediate the outer surface and the inner surface at a location in the elastic member that overlies the joint when the elastic member is slipped over the extremity. A cushioning assembly is provided for cushioning the joint upon impact. The cushioning assembly is located and secured in the pocket enclosure, the pocket enclosure substantially conforming to the shape of the cushioning assembly.