Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charge pump including a pull-up circuit for selectively providing charges to an output terminal of the charge pump, and the pull-up circuit comprises a transistor, a capacitor and a switched-capacitor circuit, wherein the capacitor is coupled to an electrode of the transistor, and the switched-capacitor circuit is coupled between a supply voltage and another electrode of the transistor. The switched-capacitor circuit is configured to boost a voltage of the other electrode of the transistor to charge the capacitor via the transistor, then the capacitor and the output terminal of the charge pump are under a charge distribution operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charge pump including a pull-up circuit for selectively providing charges to an output terminal of the charge pump, and the pull-up circuit comprises a transistor, a capacitor and a switched-capacitor circuit, wherein the capacitor is coupled to an electrode of the transistor, and the switched-capacitor circuit is coupled between a supply voltage and another electrode of the transistor. The switched-capacitor circuit is configured to boost a voltage of the other electrode of the transistor to charge the capacitor via the transistor, then the capacitor and the output terminal of the charge pump are under a charge distribution operation.

Abstract: A compensation apparatus including a primary circuit and a compensation circuit is provided. The primary circuit provides a first voltage, a second voltage, and a first current flowing through a first inductor. The primary circuit includes the first inductor and a function circuit generating an input signal. The first inductor is coupled between a first terminal with the first voltage and a second terminal with the second voltage. The compensation circuit includes a second inductor and a current source circuit. The second inductor is coupled between a third terminal with a third voltage and a fourth terminal with a fourth voltage. The current source circuit outputs a second current flowing through the second inductor. The current source circuit adjusts a frequency of the input signal. The primary circuit and the compensation circuit are coupled via the first inductor and the second inductor.

Abstract: A compensation apparatus including a primary circuit and a compensation circuit is provided. The primary circuit provides a first voltage, a second voltage, and a first current flowing through a first inductor. The primary circuit includes the first inductor and a function circuit generating an input signal. The first inductor is coupled between a first terminal with the first voltage and a second terminal with the second voltage. The compensation circuit includes a second inductor and a current source circuit. The second inductor is coupled between a third terminal with a third voltage and a fourth terminal with a fourth voltage. The current source circuit outputs a second current flowing through the second inductor. The current source circuit adjusts a frequency of the input signal. The primary circuit and the compensation circuit are coupled via the first inductor and the second inductor.

Abstract: A radio-frequency (RF) front-end supporting at least a first and second wireless communication bands includes a mixer arranged for mixing a received signal with a first local oscillation signal when the shared receiver front-end performs the reception operation according to the first wireless communication band, and for mixing the received signal with a second local oscillation signal when the shared receiver front-end performs the reception operation according to the second wireless communication band, wherein the first and second local oscillation signals are different in frequency.

Abstract: An apparatus for duty cycle calibration includes an input calibration circuit, a delay chain, a first comparator, and a second comparator. The input calibration circuit calibrates an input clock signal according to a first control signal so as to generate an input calibration clock signal. The delay chain includes a plurality of delay units coupled in series, and delays the input calibration clock signal so as to generate a first delay clock signal and a second delay clock signal. At least two of the delay units each have an adjustable delay time which is controlled according to a second control signal. The first comparator compares the input calibration clock signal with the first delay clock signal so as to generate the first control signal. The second comparator compares the input calibration clock signal with the second delay clock signal so as to generate the second control signal.

Abstract: A phase locked loop is provided. The phase locked loop includes a detector, a controlled oscillator and a filtering unit coupled between the detector and the controlled oscillator. The detector generates a phase difference signal according to a reference frequency and an oscillation signal. The controlled oscillator generates the oscillation signal according to a filtered signal. The filtering unit filters the phase difference signal to generate the filtered signal, and the filtering unit has a high frequency filter of which a pole is greater than the reference frequency and less than a frequency of the oscillation signal.

Abstract: A method used for testing the communication performance of a plurality of wireless signal access devices, and the steps of the testing method of each wireless signal access device include: (a). booting up the wireless signal access device; (b). activating said the wireless signal access device to transmit or receive testing packets to test the communication performance of the wireless signal access device. The feature of the present invention lies in completing a step a of the next wireless signal access device before completing a step b of a first wireless signal access device, and starting the step b of the next wireless signal access device in an appropriate timing after completing the step b of the first wireless signal access device, thereby reaching the goal of reducing the test time.

Abstract: An oscillating signal generator utilized in a phase-locked loop (PLL) includes: an oscillating circuit arranged to generate an oscillating signal according to at least a first control signal; and a control circuit, arranged to adjust the first control signal according to a temperature; and the first control signal is tuned between a first boundary and a second boundary, and when the temperature is closer to a first temperature boundary than a second temperature boundary, and the control circuit is arranged to make the first control signal to be closer to the first boundary than the second boundary such that the oscillating circuit outputs the oscillating signal of a predetermined frequency in a locked mode of the PLL.

Abstract: A radio-frequency (RF) front-end supporting at least a first and second wireless communication bands includes a mixer arranged for mixing a received signal with a first local oscillation signal when the shared receiver front-end performs the reception operation according to the first wireless communication band, and for mixing the received signal with a second local oscillation signal when the shared receiver front-end performs the reception operation according to the second wireless communication band, wherein the first and second local oscillation signals are different in frequency.

Abstract: An apparatus for duty cycle calibration includes an input calibration circuit, a delay chain, a first comparator, and a second comparator. The input calibration circuit calibrates an input clock signal according to a first control signal so as to generate an input calibration clock signal. The delay chain includes a plurality of delay units coupled in series, and delays the input calibration clock signal so as to generate a first delay clock signal and a second delay clock signal. At least two of the delay units each have an adjustable delay time which is controlled according to a second control signal. The first comparator compares the input calibration clock signal with the first delay clock signal so as to generate the first control signal. The second comparator compares the input calibration clock signal with the second delay clock signal so as to generate the second control signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor circuit is provided. The semiconductor circuit includes a metal layer, a conductive layer disposed under the metal layer and a semiconductor device disposed under the conductive layer. The metal layer forms an inductor device. The semiconductor device is coupled to the inductor device.

Abstract: A phase locked loop is provided. The phase locked loop includes a detector, a controlled oscillator and a filtering unit coupled between the detector and the controlled oscillator. The detector generates a phase difference signal according to a reference frequency and an oscillation signal. The controlled oscillator generates the oscillation signal according to a filtered signal. The filtering unit filters the phase difference signal to generate the filtered signal, and the filtering unit has a high frequency filter of which a pole is greater than the reference frequency and less than a frequency of the oscillation signal.

Abstract: An oscillating signal generator utilized in a phase-locked loop (PLL) includes: an oscillating circuit arranged to generate an oscillating signal according to at least a first control signal; and a control circuit, arranged to adjust the first control signal according to a temperature; and the first control signal is tuned between a first boundary and a second boundary, and when the temperature is closer to a first temperature boundary than a second temperature boundary, and the control circuit is arranged to make the first control signal to be closer to the first boundary than the second boundary such that the oscillating circuit outputs the oscillating signal of a predetermined frequency in a locked mode of the PLL.

Abstract: A method used for testing the communication performance of a plurality of wireless signal access devices, and the steps of the testing method of each wireless signal access device include: (a). booting up the wireless signal access device; (b). activating said the wireless signal access device to transmit or receive testing packets to test the communication performance of the wireless signal access device. The feature of the present invention lies in completing a step a of the next wireless signal access device before completing a step b of a first wireless signal access device, and starting the step b of the next wireless signal access device in an appropriate timing after completing the step b of the first wireless signal access device, thereby reaching the goal of reducing the test time.

Abstract: A controllable oscillating system for generating a differential oscillating signal is disclosed. The controllable oscillating system includes an oscillating circuit and a current adjusting device. The oscillating circuit includes a controllable resonator, a cross-coupling driving device, and a current source. The cross-coupling driving device is coupled to the controllable resonator and utilized for driving the controllable resonator to generate the differential oscillating signal. The current source is coupled to the cross-coupling driving device and utilized for providing a first current. The current adjusting device is coupled to the cross-coupling driving device and utilized for adjusting currents passing through the cross-coupling driving device.

Abstract: A controllable oscillating system for generating a differential oscillating signal is disclosed. The controllable oscillating system includes an oscillating circuit and a current adjusting device. The oscillating circuit includes a controllable resonator, a cross-coupling driving device, and a current source. The cross-coupling driving device is coupled to the controllable resonator and utilized for driving the controllable resonator to generate the differential oscillating signal. The current source is coupled to the cross-coupling driving device and utilized for providing a first current. The current adjusting device is coupled to the cross-coupling driving device and utilized for adjusting currents passing through the cross-coupling driving device.

Abstract: A DC offset calibration device for calibrating a DC offset of an output signal of a gain stage, the DC offset calibration device includes: a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) electrically connected to the gain stage for generating an offset current according to the DC offset of the output signal of the gain stage; and a current-to-current converter electrically connected to the DAC and the gain stage for reducing the signal scale of the offset current to generate a compensation signal so as to reduce the DC offset at the output of the gain stage.

Abstract: A DC offset calibration device for calibrating a DC offset of an output signal of a gain stage, the DC offset calibration device includes: a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) electrically connected to the gain stage for generating an offset current according to the DC offset of the output signal of the gain stage; and a current-to-current converter electrically connected to the DAC and the gain stage for reducing the signal scale of the offset current to generate a compensation signal so as to reduce the DC offset at the output of the gain stage.