Abstract: A circuit board including an interconnect substrate and a multilayer structure is provided. The interconnect substrate includes a core layer and a conductive structure disposed on the core layer. The multilayer structure is disposed on the conductive structure. The multilayer structure includes a plurality of dielectric layers and a plurality of circuit structures. The circuit structures are disposed in the dielectric layers. A topmost layer in the circuit structures is exposed to the dielectric layers to be in contact with the conductive structure. A pattern of the topmost layer in the circuit structures and a pattern of a top surface of the conductive structure are engaged with each other.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an Alternating Current (AC) source, a receptacle, and a switch. The AC source has a line and neutral potential. The receptacle is carried by a body of the vehicle and includes line, neutral, and ground conductors, and a ground fault interrupter (GFI) circuit. The switch is coupled between the AC source and the GFI circuit configured to selectively short the neutral and ground conductors.

Abstract: The knob lock of the present invention includes a knob, a first driving unit disposed on the knob, a driving barrel, a second driving unit, a lock unit, and a lock core. When the lock core is in a locked state, the driving barrel is restricted from rotating by the lock core, and the knob rotates alone with respect to the driving barrel. When the lock core is in an unlocked state, the restriction to the rotation of the driving barrel by the lock core is removed, the first driving unit applies a driving force on the second driving unit when the knob rotates, and the driving force rotates the driving barrel to make the lock unit rotate together.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electric machine, a traction battery to power the electric machine, and a starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) battery. The vehicle also includes a galvanically isolated DC-DC converter connecting the batteries and having a bus capacitance in parallel therewith. The vehicle further includes a contactor to electrically connect the traction battery in parallel with the bus capacitance, and a controller. The controller, in response to a command to close the contactor, activates switches of the DC-DC converter to drive energy from the SLI battery to the bus capacitance before closing the contactor.

Abstract: A vehicle power system includes circuitry including a transformer having a single primary coil and at least two secondary coils electrically isolated from one another, one of the secondary coils being electrically connected to a traction battery and another of the secondary coils being electrically connected to an auxiliary battery, and a controller configured to operate the circuitry to transfer power from the primary coil to each of the batteries at a same time.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electric machine, a traction battery to power the electric machine, and a starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) battery. The vehicle also includes a galvanically isolated DC-DC converter connecting the batteries and having a bus capacitance in parallel therewith. The vehicle further includes a contactor to electrically connect the traction battery in parallel with the bus capacitance, and a controller. The controller, in response to a command to close the contactor, activates switches of the DC-DC converter to drive energy from the SLI battery to the bus capacitance before closing the contactor.

Abstract: An active isolated circuit is provided for precharging and discharging a high voltage bus, such as within a hybrid electric vehicle, in a quick, efficient, and optimal manner. The circuit can include a battery, a DC-DC converter coupled between the battery and a main contactor, the main contactor coupled between the converter and a bus for selectively connecting the battery to the bus through the converter, and a control module for controlling the converter to selectively precharge the bus from the battery and selectively discharge the bus to the battery. The converter can be configured to isolate the battery and the bus. When a precharge signal is generated, the bus can be precharged from the battery through a transformer in the converter. The bus can be discharged to the battery through the transformer in the converter when a discharge signal is generated.