Abstract: A method of fabricating a contact structure includes the following steps. An opening is formed in a dielectric layer. A conductive material layer is formed within the opening and on the dielectric layer, wherein the conductive material layer includes a bottom section having a first thickness and a top section having a second thickness, the second thickness is greater than the first thickness. A first treatment is performed on the conductive material layer to form a first oxide layer on the bottom section and on the top section of the conductive material layer. A second treatment is performed to remove at least portions of the first oxide layer and at least portions of the conductive material layer, wherein after performing the second treatment, the bottom section and the top section of the conductive material layer have substantially equal thickness.

Abstract: A die bonding tool includes a bond head having a moveable component. The moveable component may be moveable between an extended position in which a lower surface of the moveable component protrudes below a lower surface of the bond head and a retracted position in which the lower surface of the moveable component does not protrude below the lower surface of the bond head. The moveable component may be used to control a shape of a semiconductor die secured to the lower surface of the bond head during a process of bonding the semiconductor die to a substrate. Accordingly, void areas and other bonding defects may be avoided and the bond formed between the semiconductor die and the target substrate may be improved.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first channel region, a second channel region, and a first insulating fin, the first insulating fin being interposed between the first channel region and the second channel region. The first insulating fin includes a lower portion and an upper portion. The lower portion includes a fill material. The upper portion includes a first dielectric layer on the lower portion, the first dielectric layer being a first dielectric material, a first capping layer on the first dielectric layer, the first capping layer being a second dielectric material, the second dielectric material being different than the first dielectric material, and a second dielectric layer on the first capping layer, the second dielectric layer being the first dielectric material.

Abstract: A bond structure is provided. The bond structure includes a seed layer and a conductive structure. The conductive structure includes a via portion over the seed layer and a plurality of wires protruding from the via portion.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a single diffusion break (SDB) structure dividing a fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion, an isolation structure on the SDB structure, a first spacer adjacent to the isolation structure, a metal gate adjacent to the isolation structure, a shallow trench isolation (STI around the fin-shaped structure, and a second isolation structure on the STI. Preferably, a top surface of the first spacer is lower than a top surface of the isolation structure and a bottom surface of the first spacer is lower than a bottom surface of the metal gate.

Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: A graphene optical device includes a base, a plurality of graphene transistors, and an electrical connection structure. Each of the graphene transistors includes a graphene layer, a metal nanoparticle layer, an insulation layer, a polymer electrolyte layer, and an electrode unit. The electrode unit includes a source electrode, a drain electrode, a first gate electrode component which includes a plurality of first gate electrodes, and a second gate electrode component which includes a plurality of second gate electrodes. The insulation layer has an opening. The polymer electrolyte layer is disposed between the metal nanoparticle layer exposed from the opening and the first gate electrodes, and between the metal nanoparticle layer exposed from the opening and the second gate electrodes. The electrical connection includes a source electrode connecting unit, a drain electrode connecting unit, a first gate electrode connecting unit, and a second gate electrode connecting unit.

Abstract: Integration methods for prevention of floating gate 3D-NAND cell residual using a hybrid plug process in a super-deck structure and associated apparatus. A first desk layered structure comprising alternating isolation and conductor layers having a top isolation layer is formed over a substrate. A Silicon Nitride (SiN) layer is formed over the top isolation layer. An array of pillar holes vertically passing through the SiN layer and layers in the first deck layered structure are formed. The pillar holes are filled with a sacrificial film and an upper portion of the pillar holes are filled with a hybrid plug comprising first and second oxides. A second layered structure comprising alternating isolation and conductor layers having a bottom isolation layer is formed over the SiN layer, and an array of pillar holes are formed in the second deck layered structure. The hybrid plugs and sacrificial film is then removed using etching.

Abstract: An embodiment of a memory device may comprise a super-pillar formed through a plurality of sub-decks, a string of memory cells formed along the super-pillar, and respective regions of transition material disposed between respective sub-decks of the plurality of sub-decks, wherein the super-pillar comprises at least a first pillar formed through a first sub-deck of the plurality of sub-decks substantially aligned with a second pillar formed through a second sub-deck of the plurality of sub-decks. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A biosensor device includes a substrate, an oxide layer and a sensing wire. The oxide layer is disposed on the substrate. The sensing wire is disposed on the oxide layer. The sensing wire is provided to receive target biomolecules. The sensing wire includes at least one first section extending along a first direction and at least one second section extending along a second direction. The at least one first section is continuous with the at least one second section. The first direction is different from the second direction. The sensing wire has a width and a total length and a ratio of the total length to the width is larger than 500.

Abstract: A biosensor device includes a substrate, a sensing transistor, an isolation layer and a main interface layer. The sensing transistor is formed on the substrate and including a bottom gate structure, a top gate structure and a semiconductor layer disposed between the bottom gate structure and the top gate structure. The bottom gate structure is electrically connected to the top gate structure. The isolation layer is formed on the sensing transistor for covering the sensing transistor, and includes a first opening. The main interface layer is disposed in the first opening for receiving biomolecules to be sensed. The main interface layer is electrically connected to the top gate structure.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting conductance parameter of high protein body fluid sample is provided. The apparatus includes at least one liquid collection element, and at least two electrodes horizontally aligned in the liquid collection element. Also provided are methods for detecting dehydration in a subject, comprising the steps of measuring the conductance parameter of the saliva of the subject.

Abstract: A biosensor device includes a substrate, an oxide layer and a sensing wire. The oxide layer is disposed on the substrate. The sensing wire is disposed on the oxide layer. The sensing wire is provided to receive target biomolecules. The sensing wire includes at least one first section extending along a first direction and at least one second section extending along a second direction. The at least one first section is continuous with the at least one second section. The first direction is different from the second direction. The sensing wire has a width and a total length and a ratio of the total length to the width is larger than 500.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting conductance parameter of high protein body fluid sample is provided. The apparatus includes at least one liquid collection element, and at least two electrodes horizontally aligned in the liquid collection element. Also provided are methods for detecting dehydration in a subject, comprising the steps of measuring the conductance parameter of the saliva of the subject.

Abstract: A biosensor device includes a substrate, a sensing transistor, an isolation layer and a main interface layer. The sensing transistor is formed on the substrate and including a bottom gate structure, a top gate structure and a semiconductor layer disposed between the bottom gate structure and the top gate structure. The bottom gate structure is electrically connected to the top gate structure. The isolation layer is formed on the sensing transistor for covering the sensing transistor, and includes a first opening. The main interface layer is disposed in the first opening for receiving biomolecules to be sensed. The main interface layer is electrically connected to the top gate structure.

Abstract: A microfluidic device includes an insulating substrate, an electrode array and a cover. The electrode array is disposed on the substrate for receiving a plurality of alternating current control signals each of which has a phase. The cover is disposed on the substrate and has a surface that faces the substrate and that cooperates with the substrate to define a microfluidic channel over the electrode array. The phases of the control signals differ from one another, such that liquid introduced into the microfluidic channel is driven to flow therethrough.

Abstract: A microfluidic particle separation device includes a substrate and a plurality of electrode bars formed on the substrate, disposed around as array center, angularly spaced apart from one another, and extending radially with respect to the array center so as to form a radially-extending electrode array that is capable of inducing circular or elliptical shear flow of the liquid through travelling-wave electroosmosis when being applied with a travelling-wave electric potential.

Abstract: A system for creating the learning organizational tool known as a concept map to thereby facilitate learning includes a manipulation-sensing device with a wireless data transceiver, an information integration platform, and a data processing device. The wireless manipulating-sensing device allows users to physically manipulate the concept map and then transmit/receive data related to the results of the physical manipulation via a wireless network. The wireless manipulation-sensing device includes a plurality of conceptual modules for recording data in the process of learning a concept map, a plurality of connecting modules for recording data of the connection relations between the conceptual modules, and a plurality of connecting wires connected between the plurality of conceptual modules and the plurality of connecting modules to form connection relations therebetween.

Abstract: A molecule sensor included in a molecule sensor device has a semiconductor substrate, a bottom gate, a source portion, a drain portion, and a nano-scale semiconductor wire. The bottom gate is for example a poly-silicon layer formed on the semiconductor substrate and electrically insulated from the semiconductor substrate. The source portion is formed on the semiconductor substrate and insulated from the semiconductor substrate. The drain portion is formed on the semiconductor substrate and insulated from the semiconductor substrate. The nano-scale semiconductor wire is connected between the source portion and the drain portion, formed on the bottom gate, insulated from the bottom gate, and has a decoration layer thereon for capturing a molecular. The source portion, drain portion, and nano-wire semiconductor wire are for example another poly-silicon layer. The bottom gate receives a specified voltage to change an amount of surface charge carriers of the nano-scale semiconductor wire.

Abstract: An interactive learning system includes a sensing network constituted by a plurality of sensing/transmitting modules, and a transmission network formed by the sensing network and a data processing device. The sensing/transmitting modules sense movements and vibrations thereof and interactive statuses between the sensing/transmitting modules and other sensing/transmitting modules, so as to generate messages that indicate the movements, the vibrations and the interactive statuses, and transmit the sensed messages to the data processing device by the transmission network, for interactive messages to be displayed through a human-machine interface of the data processing device. As such, learners' conceptions can be perceived and shown by the actual operations of the sensing/transmitting modules, which allows teachers to grasp learners' conceptions and thereby increase their interactions.