Abstract: Integrated circuits (IC) are provided. An IC includes a plurality of macros and a top channel. Each macro includes a macro boundary and a main pattern surrounded by the macro boundary. The top channel includes a plurality of first and second sub-channels. Each first sub-channel is arranged between a first macro and a second macro, and is formed by a plurality of first dummy boundary cells. Each second sub-channel is arranged between two of the second macros, and is formed by a plurality of second dummy boundary cells. The macro boundaries of the first macros are formed by the first dummy boundary cells, and the macro boundaries of the second macros are formed by the second dummy boundary cells. A first gate length of dummy patterns within the first dummy boundary cells is greater than a second gate length of dummy patterns within the second dummy boundary cells.

Abstract: A golf club head and a low density alloy thereof are provided. The low density alloy has a balanced weight percentage of titanium, 10˜11 wt % aluminum, and trace elements including (C+N+O) <0.2 wt %, silicon <0.2 wt %, and (Fe+Cr+V+Mo) <0.4 wt %. The golf club head has a tensile strength of 90˜110 kips/in2, and a density of 4.18˜4.30 g/cm3. Through heat treatment at a high temperature of 925±25° C., the precipitation or ?2 phase of the interfacial interphase can be avoided, and thus the embrittlement phenomena can be improved.

Abstract: A golf club head and a low density alloy thereof are provided. The low density alloy has a balanced weight percentage of titanium, 10˜11 wt % aluminum, and trace elements including (C+N+O) <0.2 wt %, silicon <0.2 wt %, and (Fe+Cr+V+Mo) <0.4 wt %. The golf club head has a tensile strength of 90˜110 kips/in2, and a density of 4.18˜4.30 g/cm3. Through heat treatment at a high temperature of 925±25° C., the precipitation or ?2 phase of the interfacial interphase can be avoided, and thus the embrittlement phenomena can be improved.

Abstract: An iron-based alloy for a golf club head includes: chromium in an amount ranging from 16.3 to 17.2 wt %; nickel in an amount ranging from 5.8 to 6.5 wt %; nitrogen in an amount ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 wt %; carbon in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 0.12 wt %; silicon in an amount ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 wt %; manganese in an amount ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 wt %; and a balance of iron and impurities, based on a total weight of the iron-based alloy. The alloy has a duplex-phase microstructure including a martensite phase and 10 to 30 percent austenite phase, and has a tensile strength greater than 120 Ksi and an elongation greater than 35%.

Abstract: An iron-based alloy for a golf club head includes: chromium in an amount ranging from 16.3 to 17.2 wt %; nickel in an amount ranging from 5.8 to 6.5 wt %; nitrogen in an amount ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 wt %; carbon in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 0.12 wt %; silicon in an amount ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 wt %; manganese in an amount ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 wt %; and a balance of iron and impurities, based on a total weight of the iron-based alloy. The alloy has a duplex-phase microstructure including a martensite phase and 10 to 30 percent austenite phase, and has a tensile strength greater than 120 Ksi and an elongation greater than 35%.

Abstract: A low density iron based alloy for golf club heads consists of essentially 25 to 31 wt % manganese, 7 to 10 wt % aluminum, 5 to 7 wt % chromium, 0.9 to 1.1 wt % carbon and selective addition of 0.8 to 1.5 wt % silicon or 2 to 5 wt % titanium or 0.5 to 1 wt %, molybdenum, wherein the balance being iron. Due to the addition of silicon and chromium, the alloy of the invention has an excellent resistance to corrosion. After the alloy has been forged or cast, and then treated under different operational conditions of thermal treatment over several periods. The alloy with low density, high ductility, excellent resistance to corrosion and good finished surface quality is obtained to satisfy requirements of mechanical properties of heads of golf clubs.

Abstract: A golf club head or metal wood includes a body and a faceplate. The body has a face adapted to hit a ball. The faceplate has a sweet spot and a softened region. The softened region is formed around the sweet spot in the faceplate by a heat treatment technique. The treatment technique applies a high-frequency current to induce eddy currents in the faceplate and locally heat the faceplate to form the softened region in the faceplate. This, the golf club head will have a higher coefficient of restitution (COR), and the strength of the faceplate is retained to hit the ball successfully and powerfully.

Abstract: A golf club head for a metal wood includes a body and a faceplate. The body has a front face having a recess. The faceplate is mounted in the recess and includes on outside plate and an inside faceplate. The outside plate has a thickness that is 1.0 to 2.0 millimeters and is made of high strength material. The inside plate has a thickness that is 0.5 to 1.8 millimeters and is made of high strength material. The inside plate, which is hollow or meshed, is connected to the outside plate. Therefore, the COR of the faceplate will be more consistent, and the faceplate can be fabricated with a large area.

Abstract: A face of a golf club head includes a recess defined in the face and a striking pad mounted in the recess. The striking pad is a combination of a high-strength alloy, such as titanium alloy, Fe-Al-Mn alloy steel, marging stainless steel or precipitated stainless steel, and a ceramic or carbides filler, such as the Al2O3, SiO2, TiC, WC. etc., so the striking pad has an excellent reactive force when striking a golf ball and good control of the direction of the golf ball.

Abstract: An alloy for golf club head include by weight 25 to 31 wt % manganese, 6.3 to 7.8 wt % aluminum, 0.65 to 0.85 wt % carbon and 5.5 to 9.0 wt % chromium, and the balance being iron. Additions of 0.8 to 1.5 wt % silicon, 2.0 to 5.0 wt % titanium, or 0.5 to 1.0 wt % molybdenum are optionally included in the alloy. Due to the chromium, titanium and molybdenum, the alloy has a good resistance to corrosion, a good finished surface quality after being forged at a temperature from 800° C. to 1050° C. A combination of high ductility and high tensile strength is achieved after the alloy has been treated at a temperature from 980° C. to 1080° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

Abstract: A low density iron based alloy for making heads of golf clubs, the alloy consisting of essentially 28.0 to 31.5 wt % manganese, 7.8 to 10.0 wt % aluminum, 0.90 to 1.10 wt % carbon and 0.35 to 2.5 wt % titanium, and the balance being iron. Additions of 0.8 to 1.5 wt % silicon and 5.0 to 7.0 wt % chromium are optionally included in the alloy of the invention. Due to the additions of silicon and chromium, the alloy of the invention has an excellent resistance to corrosion. After the alloy has been forged or plastic worked, and then treated under a temperature from 950 degrees Celsius to 1270 degrees Celsius for 1 to 24 hours, an austenitic phase with (Ti, Fe)Cx precipitated in different content rate, the alloy obtains a low density below 6.6 g/cm3 and distributed within a range of 6.1 to 6.6 g/cm3, therefore the alloy with a low density, a high ductility, excellent resistance to corrosion and good finished surface quality is obtained to satisfy requirements of mechanical properties of heads of golf clubs.

Abstract: An alloy for golf club head include by weight 25 to 31 wt % manganese, 6.3 to 7.8 wt % aluminum, 0.65 to 0.85 wt % carbon and 5.5 to 9.0 wt % chromium, and the balance being iron. Additions of 0.8 to 1.5 wt % silicon, 2.0 to 5.0 wt % titanium, or 0.5 to 1.0 wt % molybdenum are optionally included in the alloy. Due to the chromium, titanium and molybdenum, the alloy has a good resistance to corrosion, a good finished surface quality after being forged at a temperature from 800° C. to 1050° C. A combination of high ductility and high tensile strength is achieved after the alloy has been treated at a temperature from 980° C. to 1080° C. for 1 to 24 hours.