Abstract: A method of resource allocation for uplink channel sounding in a wireless communication system is provided. A base station (eNB) first selects a number of sounding reference signal (SRS) parameters. The eNB then determines a deviation set for each selected SRS parameter and jointly encodes the selected number of SRS parameters using a number of signaling bits. The signaling bits are transmitted to a user equipment (UE) for uplink channel sounding. Based on system requirements, some parameter combinations are filtered out and only necessary parameter combinations are jointly encoded such that the number of signaling bits is limited to a predefined number. In one embodiment, the signaling bits are contained in downlink control information (DCI) via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for triggering Aperiodic SRS (ap-SRS). By jointly encoding selected SRS parameters, the eNB can dynamically configure ap-SRS parameters and resources for each UE with high flexibility and efficiency.

Abstract: A method of concatenating precoder selection is provided for OFDMA-based multi-BS multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). A cell-edge mobile station first determines a precoding matrix indexes (PMIs) for a serving base station and one or more cooperative base stations to optimize system performance. The mobile station then determines a plurality of corresponding weight factors for each of the base stations to further optimize system performance. The mobile station recommends the selected PMIs and weight factors to the serving base station, which shares the PMIs and weight factors with the cooperative base stations. Each base station then applies precoding using the recommended PMIs and weight factors. The weight factors are quantized to reduce computation complexity and to facilitate information feedback. In one embodiment, the weight factors are determined based on a pre-defined 3-bit uniform phase quantization rule.

Abstract: A semiconductor package structure and encapsulating module for molding the same and an encapsulating mold for molding the same are provided. The encapsulating mold is used for packaging a substrate having a chip so as to mold the substrate having the chip as a package structure. The encapsulating mold has a pressing surface, a smooth surface and a cavity. The smooth surface having a curvature radius is connected with the pressing surface and disposed at a mouth of the cavity. When the encapsulating mold and an encapsulating lower mold are jointed to hold the substrate, the pressing surface contacts and presses the substrate.

Abstract: A method for broadcasting system information via a broadcast channel (BCH) in an OFDMA system is provided. The BCH comprises one or more two-dimensional resource blocks. A plurality of pilot tones and a plurality of data tones are positioned within each resource block. The system information is mapped onto the plurality of data tones. In one embodiment, the plurality of pilot tones are located in configurable positions such that pilot tones of the same resource blocks transmitted by different base stations in the OFDMA system are interlaced to reduce pilot-to-pilot collision. In another embodiment, data tones that are located in pilot positions of other adjacent cells are nullified to reduce data-to-pilot collision. In one novel aspect, the property of interlaced pilot patterns and tone nullification is leveraged to estimate interference second-order statistics, which facilitates receiver implementation and improves receiver performance.

Abstract: In wireless OFDMA systems, sounding channels are allocated within predefined resource blocks. In a distributed sounding channel allocation scheme, a sounding channel is allocated to meet various design considerations. First, sounding signals do not collide with original pilots transmitted in the same resource block by other mobile stations to achieve good quality channel estimation. Second, sounding pattern does not affect data transmission behavior of other mobile stations in the same resource block. Third, sounding pattern consistency among multiple tiles within each resource block is maintained so that mobile stations do not need to implement additional data mapping rules. In a symbol-based sounding channel allocation scheme, a sounding channel is allocated in the first or the last OFDM symbol of a resource block, while the remaining consecutive OFDM symbols are used for data transmission. The symbol-based sound channel naturally satisfies all design considerations.

Abstract: In wireless OFDMA systems, midamble is used to facilitate downlink (DL) channel estimation. Midamble signals are transmitted by a base station via a midamble channel allocated in a DL subframe. In a novel symbol-based midamble channel allocation scheme, a midamble channel is allocated in the first or the last OFDM symbol of multiple resource blocks of the subframe, while the remaining consecutive OFDM symbols are used for data transmission. The symbol-based midamble channel provides good coexistence between midamble signals and pilot signals without inducing additional limitation or complexity. Under a novel midamble channel and sequence arrangement, both code sequence and either time-domain or frequency-domain location degrees-of-freedom are considered such that the required number of midamble sequences is substantially smaller than the number of strong interferences.

Abstract: A contention-based multi-antenna access request transmission/receiving procedure in MIMO OFDM/OFDMA systems is provided to reduce access latency. A mobile station encodes and transmits an access request over a shared access channel using multiple transmitting antennas, while a base station receives and decodes a number of access requests using multiple receiving antennas. Each access request comprises an access indictor and an access message. In a first MIMO scheme, the mobile station transmits the access indicator as preambles, while the access message is encoded by SFBC/STBC to obtain spatial diversity. At the receive side, the access indicator is exploited as pilots for channel estimation. The access message is decoded using SFBC/STBC decoding algorithm. In a second MIMO scheme, the mobile station performs precoding/beamforming for each of the transmitting antenna to obtain beamforming gain, while the base station performs virtual beam matching based on the detection results of the access indicators.

Abstract: In OFDMA wireless communications systems, pilot pattern design is optimized based on predefined resource block size. The number of pilots and the spacing between pilots within a resource block is determined based on a set of system requirements. In one novel aspect, pilots are allocated within a resource block to avoid channel extrapolation in both frequency domain and time domain. First, four pilots are positioned at four corners of the resource block. Next, the remaining pilots are maximally evenly distributed within the resource block along both the frequency domain and the time domain. Finally, it is verified that an approximately equal number of pilots are evenly distributed along the time domain with respect to each data stream to minimize power fluctuation. For uplink transmission, one or more frequency tones at one or more edges of the resource block are reserved to be pilot-free to reduce multiuser synchronization error effect.

Abstract: In OFDMA wireless communications systems, pilot pattern design is optimized based on predefined resource block size. The number of pilots and the spacing between pilots within a resource block is determined based on a set of system requirements. In one novel aspect, in a high-rank MIMO system, pilots are allocated within a resource block to avoid channel extrapolation in frequency domain only. Because high-rank MIMO only supports low-mobility environment, time-domain extrapolation is no longer a dominant factor. For uplink transmission, one or more frequency tones at one or more edges of the resource block are reserved to be pilot-free to reduce multiuser synchronization error effect. When continuous resource blocks are jointly used for channel estimation, the upper and lower edges of each resource block are left with blanks such that edge pilots of adjacent resource blocks are not too close to each other to improve channel estimation.

Abstract: In OFDMA wireless communications systems, pilot pattern design is optimized based on predefined resource block size. The number of pilots and the spacing between pilots within a resource block is determined based on a set of system requirements. In one novel aspect, if resource block size is smaller than three in either frequency or time domain, then the pilots are allocated such that average pilot-to-data distance is minimized and that pilot-to-pilot distance is as large as possible. In one example, m pilots are allocated in an i×j resource block. The resource block is partitioned into n equal sub blocks, where m is a multiple of n. Within each sub block, m/n pilots are positioned such that average pilot-to-data distance is minimized. On the other hand, if resource block size is larger than or equal to three in both frequency and time domain, then pilots are allocated to avoid channel extrapolation.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array substrate, which can repair a current-leakage defect of a storage capacitor, is disclosed. The thin film transistor array substrate of the present invention comprises: a substrate, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of scan lines, wherein the data lines and the scan lines divide the substrate into a plurality of display units, i.e. pixels. Each of these display units comprises: a thin film transistor, a lower electrode of a storage capacitor, a first dielectric layer covering the lower electrode of a storage capacitor, an upper electrode of the storage capacitor formed on the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer covering the upper electrode of a storage capacitor and the thin film transistor, a plurality of openings formed in the second dielectric layer, and a pixel electrode formed on the second dielectric layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting an integrated circuit is applied to an electrical apparatus having a control unit. The control unit is used for controlling the integrated circuit and the protecting apparatus. The protecting apparatus includes a power input terminal, a power output terminal, and a control terminal. The power input terminal is used for receiving a power, and the power output terminal is used for outputting the power to the integrated circuit. The control terminal is used for receiving a control voltage of the control unit. When the control unit is at the power on mode, the control unit outputs the control voltage of a first level to prevent the power being input to the integrated circuit. Over a predetermined period of time, the control unit outputs the control voltage of a second level, so that the power can be input to the integrated through the protecting apparatus.

Abstract: An equalizer applied in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) system for alleviating interference among a plurality of received symbol blocks is disclosed. The equalizer includes: a matched filter for extracting a preliminary equalized signal vector from a received symbol block; a blocking device for generating a preliminary interference signal vector by attenuating a equalized signal vector from the received symbol block; a weighting device, electrically connected to the blocking device, for generating an interference signal vector by adjusting the preliminary interference signal vector; and a subtractor, electrically connected to the weighting device and the matched filter, for generating the equalized signal vector of the received symbol block according to the difference between the interference signal vector and the preliminary equalized signal vector.

Abstract: A fan assembly for being installed within an external device comprises a plurality of fans each having a fan bracket, a fan wheel hub, a set of fan blades and a driving unit. Each fan wheel hub is installed within a corresponding fan bracket. Each set of fan blades is mounted around a corresponding fan wheel hub. Each driving unit is installed in a corresponding fan wheel hub for rotating the fan blades. The fan assembly further includes a plurality of shock-absorbing support units and a plurality of recesses respectively formed on at least an outer wall of each of the fan brackets for the attachment of the support units. Thereby, when mounted on the device, the fans will be in a tight and flexible contact and will be cushioned by the support units, so that the vibrations of the fan brackets caused by the driving units will be reduced.

Abstract: A rotor assembly includes a hub and a hood. The hub provides a shoulder wall extending the center thereof and a hub wall connecting the shoulder wall. The hood provides a top wall and a lateral wall connecting the top wall. The shoulder wall of the hub has a fixing part disposed next to the end thereof and the top wall of the hood provides a through hole fitting with the fixing part such that the hub mounts to the outer surface of the hood.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting an integrated circuit is applied to an electrical apparatus having a control unit. The control unit is used for controlling the integrated circuit and the protecting apparatus. The protecting apparatus includes a power input terminal, a power output terminal, and a control terminal. The power input terminal is used for receiving a power, and the power output terminal is used for outputting the power to the integrated circuit. The control terminal is used for receiving a control voltage of the control unit. When the control unit is at the power on mode, the control unit outputs the control voltage of a first level to prevent the power being input to the integrated circuit. Over a predetermined period of time, the control unit outputs the control voltage of a second level, so that the power can be input to the integrated through the protecting apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a backup heat-dissipating system having a serial fan which can be assembled easily, fastly and conveniently, and can effectively eliminate the interference between fans and prevent the air leakage resulting from the failed fan unit. The backup heat-dissipating system includes a main frame, a first rotor device disposed in the main frame and including a first control device, and a second rotor device disposed in the main frame to be coupled with the first rotor device in series along an axial direction of the main frame and including a second control device. When the first rotor device fails, the first control device will output a signal to the second control device for driving the second rotor device to rotate at a relatively higher speed.

Abstract: A serial fan which only occupies a small space, has a simplified assembling structure, and can effectively eliminate the interference between fans. The serial fan include a main frame, a plurality of rotor vanes connected in series within the main frame along an axial direction of the serial fan, a first support disposed inside and connected with the main frame for supporting one of the plurality of rotor vanes, and a second support detachably connected with the first support for supporting another one of the plurality of rotor vanes.

Abstract: A fan feasible for hot swap in a system is disclosed. The fan includes a contact device having contact terminals welded to a flat plate member. The contact terminals have respective one ends thereof welded to the conductive wire of the rotor device of the fan, and the other ends remain free. The free ends allow the fan to be electrically connected to the system in a contact manner so as to be easily replaced. The flat plate member is attached to a fan guard of the fan in a sliding manner or a snap-engagement manner without any auxiliary tool.

Abstract: Disclosed is a backup heat-dissipating system having a serial fan which can be assembled easily, fastly and conveniently, and can effectively eliminate the interference between fans and prevent the air leakage resulting from the failed fan unit. The backup heat-dissipating system includes a main frame, a first rotor device disposed in the main frame and including a first control device, and a second rotor device disposed in the main frame to be coupled with the first rotor device in series along an axial direction of the main frame and including a second control device. When the first rotor device is failed, the first control device will output a signal to the second control device for driving the second rotor device to rotate at a relatively higher speed.