Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a silicon carbide member, a first member, a first layer, and a second layer. The silicon carbide member includes a first region. The first member includes silicon and oxygen. The first layer is provided between the first region and the first member. The first layer includes a bond between silicon and nitrogen. The second layer is provided between the first layer and the first member. The second layer includes a bond between silicon and oxygen and a bond between silicon and nitrogen.

Abstract: An apparatus to control an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder operation controller configured to switch a cylinder operation between an all-cylinder operation and a cylinder deactivation operation. A deactivation time parameter integrating device is configured to integrate a deactivation time parameter indicating a deactivation time of the part of the plurality of cylinders to calculate an integrated deactivation time parameter. An inhibiting device is configured to inhibit the cylinder deactivation operation if the integrated deactivation time parameter calculated by the deactivation time parameter integrating device is larger than or equal to a reference value. The deactivation time parameter integrating device holds the integrated deactivation time parameter as an initial value after an operation of the internal combustion engine is stopped.

Abstract: An apparatus to control an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder operation controller configured to switch a cylinder operation between an all-cylinder operation and a cylinder deactivation operation. A deactivation time parameter integrating device is configured to integrate a deactivation time parameter indicating a deactivation time of the part of the plurality of cylinders to calculate an integrated deactivation time parameter. An inhibiting device is configured to inhibit the cylinder deactivation operation if the integrated deactivation time parameter calculated by the deactivation time parameter integrating device is larger than or equal to a reference value. The deactivation time parameter integrating device holds the integrated deactivation time parameter as an initial value after an operation of the internal combustion engine is stopped.

Abstract: A secondary balancer device provided below a cylinder block of an engine including a front balancer shaft and a rear balancer shaft which are rotated in opposite directions and have longitudinally central main journal portions carried in a balancer holder, respectively. Bracing journal portions are provided on axial ends of one of the front and rear balancer shafts and supported in a pump body and a pump cover of an oil pump provided below the cylinder block, respectively. A pump shaft of the oil pump and the front balancer shaft are connected to a crankshaft by a common endless chain and rotated at different numbers of revolutions. Thus, the number of parts for supporting the balancer shafts can be reduced, while maintaining the freedom of setting the number of revolutions of the oil pump of the engine.

Abstract: An engine has two balancer shafts supported on two bearing bushings which are made of the same material and mounted to a balancer holder. Lubricating oil passages for supplying oil to the bearing bushings are defined offset upwards from the centers O of the bearing bushings and by a distance .delta.. Each of the bearing bushings has two oil bores having a center angle .theta. other than 180.degree.. The two oil bores in the bearing bushing of one balancer shaft communicate with the lubricating oil passage, and one of the oil bores in the bearing bushing of another balancer shaft communicates with the lubricating oil passage, while the other oil bore of that another balancer shaft is closed to keep out of the lubricating oil passage. Thus, downstream ends of the lubricating oil passages for supplying the oil to the bearing bushings of the plurality of rotary shafts can be closed without use of a special closing member such as a blind plug.

Abstract: A cooling control system for an internal combustion engine equipped with a supercharger. The control system includes an electrically-driven pump for circulating coolant for cooling the supercharger, and an electrically-driven fan arranged in an engine room. The cooling control system controls the operation of the electrically-driven pump and the operation of the electrically-driven fan, based on an output from a sensor for detecting stoppage of the engine as well as on operation of a timer for counting a predetermined time period. The cooling control system controls, during operation of the engine, the operation of the electrically-driven pump and the operation of the electrically-driven fan, based on an output from a sensor or sensors for detecting operating conditions of the engine.