Abstract: A bulb socket is provided with a rubber socket into which a bulb is mounted and a resin cover which is mounted on the rubber socket by being put over the rubber socket. A projection which protrudes outward is formed on the resin cover. The resin cover is put over the rubber socket, inserted into a housing, rotated to engage the projection with an engaging part in the housing, and thereby mounted on the housing. At this time, the rubber socket comes into close contact with a socket mounting slot and thereby stops the socket mounting slot water-tightly.

Abstract: A bulb socket is provided with a rubber socket into which a bulb is mounted and a resin cover which is mounted on the rubber socket by being put over the rubber socket. A projection which protrudes outward is formed on the resin cover. The resin cover is put over the rubber socket, inserted into a housing, rotated to engage the projection with an engaging part in the housing, and thereby mounted on the housing. At this time, the rubber socket comes into close contact with a socket mounting slot and thereby stops the socket mounting slot water-tightly.

Abstract: Deterioration of characteristics due to repeated cycles of coloration and discoloration in an electrochromic element comprising an oxidative coloration layer composed of a nickel oxide and a electrolyte composed of a solid electrolyte is suppressed. A lower ITO transparent electrode film 12 is formed on a transparent substrate 10. A nickel oxide film 32 making up an oxidative coloration layer, an intermediate layer 33, a tantalum oxide film making up a solid electrolyte layer, a mixed film comprising a tungsten oxide and a titanium oxide making up a reductive coloration layer, and an upper ITO transparent electrode film 20 making up an upper electrode film are formed on the lower ITO transparent electrode film 12 on this order. The intermediate layer 33 is a transparent film comprising a metal oxide such as SnO2, a metal such as Al, or a composite of the metal oxide and the metal.

Abstract: Deterioration of characteristics due to repeated cycles of coloration and discoloration in an electrochromic element comprising an oxidative coloration layer composed of a nickel oxide and a electrolyte composed of a solid electrolyte is suppressed. A lower ITO transparent electrode film 12 is formed on a transparent substrate 10. A nickel oxide film 32 making up an oxidative coloration layer, an intermediate layer 33, a tantalum oxide film making up a solid electrolyte layer, a mixed film comprising a tungsten oxide and a titanium oxide making up a reductive coloration layer, and an upper ITO transparent electrode film 20 making up an upper electrode film are formed on the lower ITO transparent electrode film 12 on this order. The intermediate layer 33 is a transparent film comprising a metal oxide such as SnO2, a metal such as Al, or a composite of the metal oxide and the metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochromic device in which a color during the coloring mode is gray. A lower ITO transparent electrode film 12 constituting a lower electrode film is formed on a transparent glass substrate 10. On the lower ITO transparent film 12, a nickel oxides film 32 constituting an oxidation coloring layer, a tantalum oxide film 16 constituting a solid-state electrolyte layer, a mixture film 34 of tungsten oxide and titanium oxide constituting a reduction coloring layer and an lower ITO transparent electrode film 20 constituting a upper electrode film are formed sequentially. The color during the coloring mode is gray and the color during the bleaching mode is achromatic.

Abstract: A resin containing a prescribed filler that can minimize a change in moisture content is used in an electrochromic film as a sealing resin, and further the outer circumference is sealed by a silyl-containing polymer. Here, by the use of the epoxy resin containing the prescribed filler, which can minimize a change in moisture content in an electrochromic film, the moisture content in the electrochromic layer can be stabilized to a level near the use of the sealing glass relative to the environmental changes such as a high temperature and a high humidity. Consequently, there is an extremely high possibility to avoid the use of sealing glass in comparison with the use of a conventional resin. However, to secure resistance to an elevated temperature and resistance to a high humidity on a practically satisfied level, the outer circumference is further sealed by a silyl-containing polymer.

Abstract: A tapping electrode for a lower electrode film and a tapping electrode for an upper electrode film are provided on one side of an area around a substrate. By placing the electrode-tapping elements on one side, for example, applying the electrochromic element to an automobile antiglare mirror, the effective field of the mirror is increased to contribute to safety. A mirror ring that surrounds the outer circumference of the mirror can be made slim, enhancing a smart look from the viewpoint of design. Also, in comparison with a case in which the electrode is tapped on two or more sides, the present design makes it possible to secure the same effective visibility with a lightweight design.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized by, for example as shown in FIG. 1, using a resin 8 containing prescribed filler which can minimize a change in moisture content in an electrochromic film as a sealing resin, and further by sealing the outer circumference by a silyl-containing polymer 9.

Abstract: As shown in FIG. 3, in the present invention, a tapping electrode 2a for a lower electrode film 2 and a tapping electrode 4a for an upper electrode film 4 are provided on one side of an area around a substrate 1. By placing the electrode-tapping elements on one side, for example, applying the electrochromic element to an automobile antiglare mirror, the effective field of the mirror is increased to contribute the safety. a mirror ring which surrounds the outer circumference of the mirror can be made slim, enhancing a smart looking from the viewpoint of the design. Also, in comparison with the case where the electrode is tapped on two or more sides, the present invention makes it possible to secure the same effective visibility with a lightweight.