Abstract: A gas separation membrane selectively permeable to a specific gas component includes a first porous layer, and a separation function layer provided on a first surface of the first porous layer. The separation function layer contains a hydrophilic resin. The first surface has a wetting tension of greater than or equal to 38 mN/m and less than or equal to 52 mN/m.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which a decrease in discharge capacity after a charge-discharge cycle is reduced. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in accordance with an aspect of the present invention includes (i) a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate whose results of a scratch test carried out in the TD and the MD fall within predetermined ranges, (ii) a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator that includes a porous film whose temperature rise ending period with respect to a resin amount per unit area at irradiation with microwave falls within a predetermined range, and (iii) a porous layer that contains an ?-form polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin of a polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin at a predetermined proportion. The porous layer is arranged between the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator and at least one of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which satisfies four requirements is provided. A porous layer contains ?-form polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin in an amount of not less than 35.0 mol % with respect to 100 mol % of a total amount of (i) the ?-form polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin and (ii) ?-form polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin. A porous film has a temperature rise ending period of 2.9 sec·m2/g to 5.7 sec·m2/g with respect to an amount of a resin per unit area when the porous film is impregnated with N-methylpyrrolidone containing water in an amount of 3% by weight and then (ii) irradiated, at an output of 1,800 W, with a microwave having a frequency of 2,455 MHz. A positive electrode plate has a capacitance of 1 nF to 1000 nF per measurement area of 900 mm2. A negative electrode plate has a capacitance of 4 nF to 8500 nF per measurement area of 900 mm2.

Abstract: Provided is a separator including a first later consisting of a porous polyolefin and a secondary battery utilizing the separator. The first layer exhibits a temperature-increase convergence time equal to or longer than 2.9 s·m2/g and equal to or shorter than 5.7 s·m2/g when the first layer is irradiated with a microwave having a frequency of 2455 MHz and an output power of 1800 W after being dipped in N-methylpyrrolidone containing 3 wt % of water. A minimum height of a ball placed over the first layer and having a diameter of 14.3 mm and a weight of 11.9 g is equal to or more than 50 cm and equal to or less than 150 cm, the minimum height causing a split in the first layer when the ball freely falls on the first layer.

Abstract: To provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator that allows a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator to have a reduced increase in the battery resistance after a charge and discharge cycle, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator is arranged such that the number of bends is not less than 1600, the number having been measured (i) with use of a test piece of a polyolefin porous film which test piece has a longitudinal direction in a transverse direction (TD) of the polyolefin porous film and (ii) by an MIT tester method, the bends having been carried out until a longitudinal dimension of the test piece changes by 2.4 cm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery insulating porous layer having an excellent charge resistance characteristic. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery insulating porous layer has a fractal dimension of 2.42 to 2.60, the fractal dimension being calculated from a three-dimensional image showing a void part and a porous layer part on respective two gradation levels, the three-dimensional image being prepared by analyzing images of cross sections obtained by making observation at intervals of 20 nm in a thickness direction from a surface of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery insulating porous layer by FIB-SEM measurement at a magnification of 6500 times.

Abstract: Provided is a separator including a first later consisting of a porous polyolefin and a secondary battery utilizing the separator. The first layer exhibits a temperature-increase convergence time equal to or longer than 2.9 s·m2/g and equal to or shorter than 5.7 s·m2/g when the first layer is irradiated with a microwave having a frequency of 2455 MHz and an output power of 1800 W after being dipped in N-methylpyrrolidone containing 3 wt % of water. A minimum height of a ball placed over the first layer and having a diameter of 14.3 mm and a weight of 11.9 g is equal to or more than 50 cm and equal to or less than 150 cm, the minimum height causing a split in the first layer when the ball freely falls on the first layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator which is excellent in cycle characteristic. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator includes a polyolefin porous film in which a difference between (i) a porosity calculated from a continuous image which is formed so as to extend from a surface to an inside of the polyolefin porous film in a thickness direction and in which a void part and a resin part are shown at respective two gray levels and (ii) a porosity calculated from a thickness, a weight per unit area, and a real density of the polyolefin porous film is 4% to 20%.

Abstract: A separator and a secondary battery including the separator are described. The separator includes a first layer consisting of porous polyolefin. A temperature-increase convergence time to the amount of a resin in the first layer per unit area is at least 2.9 s·m2/g and equal to or shorter than 5.7 s·m2/g when the layer is irradiated with a microwave (frequency 2455 MHz, output of 1800W) after being impregnated with N-methylpyrrolidone containing 3 wt % of water. The tearing strength of the first layer measured by the Elmendorf tearing method (JIS K 7128-2) is at least 1.5 mN/?m, and a tensile elongation value of the first layer is at least 0.5 mm until a load decreases to 25% of a maximum load from when the load reaches the maximum load in a load-elongation curve in the tearing strength measurement (JIS K 7128-3) by the right-angled tearing method.

Abstract: Provided is a separator including a separator which consists of a porous polyolefin of 95 wt % or more and an organic additive. A temperature-increase convergence time of the first layer is equal to or longer than 2.9 s·m2/g and equal to or shorter than 5.7 s·m2/g when the first layer is irradiated with a microwave having a frequency of 2455 MHz and an output power of 1800 W after dipping the first layer in N-methylpyrrolidone containing 3 wt % of water, whereas a white index is equal to or more than 86 and equal to or less than 98.

Abstract: To afford a laminated body that is usable as a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator and that is not easily curled, a laminated body includes: a porous base material containing a polyolefin-based resin as a main component; and a porous layer containing a polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin, the porous base material having a temperature rise ending period of a particular value with respect to the amount of resin per unit area, the polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin containing crystal form ? in an amount of not less than 36 mol % with respect to 100 mol % of a total amount of the crystal form ? and crystal form ? contained in the polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery satisfies the following requirements: (a) in a PVDF-based resin contained in a porous layer, a content of an ?-form PVDF-based resin is above 35.0 mol % with respect to 100 mol % of a total content of ?- and ?-form PVDF-based resins; (b) a porous film has a temperature rise ending time of 2.9-5.7 seconds·m2/g with respect to a resin content per area, wherein the porous film is impregnated with N-methylpyrrolidone containing 3% by weight of water and is irradiated with a 2455 MHz 1800 W microwave; (c) a positive electrode plate, before peeling of its active material layer has more than 130 bends in a folding endurance test with a 1 N load and a 45° bending angle; and (d) a negative electrode plate, before peeling of its active material layer occurs has more than 1650 bends in the folding endurance test.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which a good high-rate discharge capacity after charge-discharge cycles is maintained. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in accordance with an aspect of the present invention includes: (i) a combination of a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate in which the sum of interface barrier energies is not less than a predetermined value, (ii) a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator that includes a porous film whose temperature rise ending period with respect to a resin amount per unit area at irradiation with microwave falls within a predetermined range, and (iii) a porous layer that contains an ?-form polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin of a polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin at a predetermined proportion. The porous layer is provided between the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator and at least one of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which satisfies four requirements is provided. A porous layer contains ?-form polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin in an amount of not less than 35.0 mol % with respect to 100 mol % of a total amount of (i) the ?-form polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin and (ii) ?-form polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin. A porous film has a temperature rise ending period of 2.9 sec·m2/g to 5.7 sec·m2/g with respect to an amount of a resin per unit area when the porous film is impregnated with N-methylpyrrolidone containing water in an amount of 3% by weight and then (ii) irradiated, at an output of 1,800 W, with a microwave having a frequency of 2,455 MHz. A positive electrode plate has a capacitance of 1 nF to 1000 nF per measurement area of 900 mm2. A negative electrode plate has a capacitance of 4 nF to 8500 nF per measurement area of 900 mm2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which a decrease in discharge capacity after a charge-discharge cycle is reduced. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in accordance with an aspect of the present invention includes (i) a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate whose results of a scratch test carried out in the TD and the MD fall within predetermined ranges, (ii) a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator that includes a porous film whose temperature rise ending period with respect to a resin amount per unit area at irradiation with microwave falls within a predetermined range, and (iii) a porous layer that contains an ?-form polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin of a polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin at a predetermined proportion. The porous layer is arranged between the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator and at least one of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.

Abstract: Provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator including a porous film containing polyolefin as a main component, the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator having a time until temperature rise cessation with respect to an amount of resin per unit area of 2.9 sec·m2/g to 5.7 sec·m2/g, the time being obtained in a case where the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator is impregnated with N-methylpyrrolidone containing 3 wt % water and is subsequently irradiated, at an output of 1,800 W, with a microwave having a frequency of 2,455 MHz, the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator having an excellent initial rate characteristic and being capable of preventing a deterioration in rate characteristic which deterioration is caused by repeated charge and discharge.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery insulating porous layer having an excellent charge resistance characteristic. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery insulating porous layer has a fractal dimension of 2.42 to 2.60, the fractal dimension being calculated from a three-dimensional image showing a void part and a porous layer part on respective two gradation levels, the three-dimensional image being prepared by analyzing images of cross sections obtained by making observation at intervals of 20 nm in a thickness direction from a surface of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery insulating porous layer by FIB-SEM measurement at a magnification of 6500 times.

Abstract: To provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator that allows a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator to have a reduced increase in the battery resistance after a charge and discharge cycle, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator is arranged such that the number of bends is not less than 1600, the number having been measured (i) with use of a test piece of a polyolefin porous film which test piece has a longitudinal direction in a transverse direction (TD) of the polyolefin porous film and (ii) by an MIT tester method, the bends having been carried out until a longitudinal dimension of the test piece changes by 2.4 cm.

Abstract: As a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator that is excellent in initial battery resistance characteristic of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator, provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator including: a polyolefin porous film, the polyolefin porous film having an internal fractal dimension of 1.75 to 1.91, the internal fractal dimension being measured, by a box counting method, in accordance with a continuous image of the polyolefin porous film which continuous image is formed so as to extend from a surface of the polyolefin porous film in an internal thickness direction of the polyolefin porous film, and in which continuous image a void part and a resin part of the polyolefin porous film are shown at respective two gray levels.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator which is excellent in cycle characteristic. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator includes a polyolefin porous film in which a difference between (i) a porosity calculated from a continuous image which is formed so as to extend from a surface to an inside of the polyolefin porous film in a thickness direction and in which a void part and a resin part are shown at respective two gray levels and (ii) a porosity calculated from a thickness, a weight per unit area, and a real density of the polyolefin porous film is 4% to 20%.