Abstract: A solid electrolyte gas sensor 10 is made, containing a body of solid electrolyte 14, in contact with a monitor electrode 12 exposed to a monitored gas environment 13 containing selected gas components to be measured, and in contact with a reference electrode 15 which is isolated from the monitored gas environment, where the solid electrolyte at the operating temperature of the gas sensor is effective to dissociate to provide the sole source of a self-generated gas, at the reference electrode 15, corresponding to the selected gas component to be measured.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium vapor lamp for operation at a sodium vapor pressure of at least 60 Torr and in which the start-up interval of variation of lamp operating voltage is reduced by charging the lamp with a ternary amalgam of mercury, sodium and a third metal selected from the group consisting of indium, gallium and tin. The atomic proportion of the third metal exceeds that of the mercury but does not exceed that of the sodium in the amalgam, and the atomic proportion of sodium is at least twice but not over four times that of the mercury.

Abstract: A laser utilizing mercury halides as the lasing medium is disclosed. Electrodes selectively coated with a mercury gettering material are utilized to establish a glow discharge in the lasing medium. Proper ratio of mercury to bromine is maintained in the lasing medium to ensure long life operation.

Abstract: A dual gas measuring solid electrolyte apparatus employing a common oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane provides an electrical signal indicative of a selected anhydride of a monitored gas environment and an electrical signal indicative of the oxygen content of the monitored gas environment.

Abstract: An improved thick film stannic oxide sensor is disclosed whereby the sensitivity of the sensor to CO is enhanced by the addition of a rare earth oxide to the sensor composition and the catalytic reactivity of the sensor, when contacted by a gas containing a reducing constituent, i.e., H.sub.2 or CO, and oxygen, is enhanced by employing RuCl.sub.3 or PtCl.sub.2 as a catalyst.

Abstract: An alkali ion conductive solid electrolyte electrochemical concentration cell assembly for measuring gases containing anhydrides or related compounds in air or in oxygen-bearing gases is divided into two identical alkali ion conductive half cycles. Each half cell is secured to opposite surfaces of the closed end of a solid membrane exhibiting alkali ion conductivity corresponding to the alkali ion conductivity of the half cells. The membrane effectively isolates a monitored gas environment contacting one half cell from a reference gas environment contacting the other half cell while supporting the equilibrium mode of operation of the concentration cell assembly to generate an electrical signal indicative of a gas species of interest in the monitored gas environment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a resistive or semiconducting coating for use on current conductors in cryogenic applications. This includes copper-clad superconductor wire, copper wire used for stabilizing superconductor magnets, and for hyperconductors. The coating is a film of cuprous sulfide (Cu.sub.2 S) that has been found not to degrade the properties of the conductors. It is very adherent to the respective conductors and satisfies the mechanical, thermal and electrical requirements of coatings for the conductors.

Abstract: Water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen in a series of steps. In the first step hydrogen sulfide is reacted with cuprous sulfide to produce the hydrogen and cuprous sulfide. The cupric sulfide is then decomposed to produce sulfur and to regenerate the cupric sulfide. The sulfur is reacted with water to produce the hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. The sulfur dioxide is reacted with water to produce sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid is decomposed to produce the sulfur dioxide, oxygen, and water.The decomposition of the sulfuric acid can be performed in four steps. In the first step the sulfuric acid is reacted with a metallic oxide to produce a solution of a metallic sulfate. The hydrate of the metallic sulfate is crystallized from the solution and is decomposed into the metallic sulfate and water. The metallic sulfate is decomposed into the metallic oxide, oxygen, and the sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: Sensitizer impurities absorb a portion of pump radiation in a laser generator that is not absorbed by the activator impurity. The sensitizer transfers the otherwise wasted radiation to the activator impurity. Mn.sup.+2, UO.sub.2.sup.+2 and Ce.sup.+3 are examples of sensitizer ions. The foregoing sensitizer ions may, in turn, be sensitized by other impurities, known as cosensitizers to further utilize pump radiation.

Abstract: A single step process for converting copper ore to a metal characterized by the step of injecting powdered copper sulfide (Cu.sub.2 S) into an arc heated gas containing oxygen in an amount sufficient to yield elemental copper and sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2).

Abstract: High-intensity arc-discharge (HID) device of the metal-halide additive type incorporates as essential discharge-sustaining constituents mercury and inert ionizable starting gas and also sodium and/or lithium iodides and/or bromides as well as scandium iodide and/or bromide. The molar ratio of alkali metal halide to scandium halide is from about 1.7:1 to about 5:1 and this greatly enhances the device efficacy for the generation of visible light, which can be enhanced by as much as 32 percent.