Abstract: A mounting structure includes: a first substrate that has a first surface on which a functional element is provided; a wiring portion that is provided at a position, which is different from a position of the functional element on the first surface, and is conductively connected to the functional element; a second substrate that has a second surface that is opposite to the first surface; and a conduction portion that is provided on the second surface, is connected to the wiring portion, and is conductively connected the functional element. The shortest distance between the functional element and the second substrate is longer than the longest distance between the second substrate and a position where the wiring portion is connected to the conduction portion.

Abstract: A mounting structure includes: a first substrate that has a first surface on which a functional element is provided; a wiring portion that is provided at a position, which is different from a position of the functional element on the first surface, and is conductively connected to the functional element; a second substrate that has a second surface that is opposite to the first surface; and a conduction portion that is provided on the second surface, is connected to the wiring portion, and is conductively connected the functional element. The shortest distance between the functional element and the second substrate is longer than the longest distance between the second substrate and a position where the wiring portion is connected to the conduction portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus performs image formation using colorants of various colors. In relation to a target image, when a first region, formed using colorants of a black color and not using colorants of remaining colors is adjacent to a second region formed using the colorants of the remaining colors and not using the colorants of the black color, the first region is generated using the colorants including the remaining colors based on conversion information generated according to the remaining colors of the second region.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus using a plurality of colorants for image formation, includes a generation unit which generates bitmap data, in which each pixel has a gradation value of each color of the colorants, with respect to an object of the image formation; a classification unit which classifies the pixels into a plurality of predetermined groups based on the bitmap data and generates classification data corresponding to the classified groups for each pixel; a detection unit which detects, based on the classification data, a range, in which a correction processing of modifying the gradation values has to be executed, on the bitmap data; and a correction unit which executes the correction processing to the detected range, wherein the image formation is executed based on bitmap data after the correction processing.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus performs image formation using colorants of various colors. In relation to a target image, when a first region, formed using colorants of a black color and not using colorants of remaining colors is adjacent to a second region formed using the colorants of the remaining colors and not using the colorants of the black color, the first region is generated using the colorants including the remaining colors based on conversion information generated according to the remaining colors of the second region.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, which performs image formation by using various colorants, includes a bitmap data generation unit that generates bitmap data, in which each pixel has a gradation value of each color of the colorants, with respect to image formation objects, a label generation unit that generates label information of a relevant pixel for each pixel based on the bitmap data or label information of peripheral pixels of the relevant pixel, and a correction unit that corrects the bitmap data based on the label information. The image formation is performed based on the corrected bitmap data, and the label information includes information on a color of a pixel adjacent to a region to be corrected when the pixel exists in the region to be corrected, and includes information for identifying a color of the relevant pixel when the pixel does not exist in the region to be corrected.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that uses a plurality of colorants for image formation and performs the image formation based on bitmap data in which each pixel has a gradation value of each color of the colorants, includes: a correction unit which executes a correction processing of correcting gradation values with respect to the bitmap data of a correction object region, from among objects of the image formation, that is a region of a single color and adjacent to a pixel composed of another color that does not include the single color, wherein the correction processing is not performed on a region, from among the correction object region, that is adjacent to a white pixel.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that uses a plurality of colorants for image formation and performs the image formation based on bitmap data in which each pixel has a gradation value of each color of the colorants, includes: a correction unit which executes a correction processing of correcting gradation values with respect to at least some pixels in which a gradation value of the colorants other than that of black color is 0 and a gradation value of the colorant of black color is not 0 in the bitmap data, wherein the correction unit executes different processing between a case in which the gradation value of black color of the bitmap data of the pixel that is a processing object is a maximum value and a case in which this gradation value is less than the maximum value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus using a plurality of colorants for image formation, includes a generation unit which generates bitmap data, in which each pixel has a gradation value of each color of the colorants, with respect to an object of the image formation; a classification unit which classifies the pixels into a plurality of predetermined groups based on the bitmap data and generates classification data corresponding to the classified groups for each pixel; a detection unit which detects, based on the classification data, a range, in which a correction processing of modifying the gradation values has to be executed, on the bitmap data; and a correction unit which executes the correction processing to the detected range, wherein the image formation is executed based on bitmap data after the correction processing.

Abstract: A fault detection circuit in a loop network has a plurality of nodes including a host control unit connected in a closed loop on a signal line, and comprises an electro-optic converter connected to an input terminal of each node for converting an electrical input signal to an optical signal, an opto-electric converter connected to an output terminal of each node for converting an optical signal to an electrical output signal, a selecting circuit for selecting either an electrical input signal to the electro-optic converter or an electrical output signal from the opto-electric converter, a first comparison input circuit for receiving one of a plurality of electrical input signals for comparison, a second comparison input circuit for receiving different one of the electrical input signals from the one received by the first comparison input circuit for comparison, a comparison circuit for comparison output signals from the two comparison input circuits in synchronization, and a fault determination circuit for de