Abstract: Provided is a method for producing hexagonal tungsten oxide, the method including preparing an alkaline solvent having a pH of 8 to 9, which contains at least one of water or alcohol, adding tungsten chloride to the alkaline solvent to form a first reaction solution, adding an additive to the first reaction solution to form a second reaction solution, and adding strong acid to the second reaction solution to form nanoparticles. The additive includes any one of an amine compound having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aliphatic hydrocarbon derivative having 10 or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing an electrochromic device, the method including forming a first electrode on a first flexible substrate, forming an electrochromic layer on the first electrode, etching the electrochromic layer to form electrochromic pixel patterns, etching the first electrode to form fine pattern electrodes including first fine pattern electrode portions and second fine pattern electrode portions, forming an insulation film on upper surfaces of the second fine pattern electrode portions, and forming an electrolyte layer on the insulation film and on the electrochromic pixel patterns, wherein the electrochromic pixel patterns are disposed on upper surface of the first fine pattern electrode portions, and the etching of the first electrode and the etching of the electrochromic layer are performed in a single process.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrochromic device including graphene electrodes and a method for making the same. An electrochromic device including graphene electrodes according to various example embodiments includes a first multilayer thin film structure connected to a first electrode of an external power source, and including a first graphene layer and a first metal protective layer formed on the first graphene layer to protect the first graphene layer from oxygen, a second multilayer thin film structure connected to a second electrode of the external power source, and including a second graphene layer and a second metal protective layer formed on the second graphene layer to protect the second graphene layer from oxygen, and an electrolyte charged between the first multilayer thin film structure and the second multilayer thin film structure.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic display device including: a first substrate; a second substrate on the first substrate; an electrolyte layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first transparent electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the first substrate; second transparent electrodes provided between the electrolyte layer and the second substrate; a first electrochromic layer provided between the first transparent electrode and the electrolyte layer; and a second electrochromic layer provided between the second transparent electrodes and the electrolyte layer, wherein the second transparent electrodes each extend in a first direction and be disposed apart from each other in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the second electrochromic layer extends between the second transparent electrodes and contacts a lower surface of the second substrate, the first electrochromic layer includes an inorganic electrochromic material, and the second electrochromic

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a thin film electrode for an electrochromic device, and an electrochromic device manufactured thereby. Specifically, a method of manufacturing a thin film electrode for an electrochromic device includes: synthesizing insoluble Prussian blue nanoparticles; adding a surfactant to the insoluble Prussian blue nanoparticles to form water-soluble Prussian blue nanoparticles; adding a solvent and a binder to the water-soluble Prussian blue nanoparticles to form a mixed solution; applying the mixed solution onto an electrode; and performing a drying process on the electrode applied with the mixed solution, wherein the drying process may be performed at 15° C. to 30° C.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic display device including: a first substrate; a second substrate on the first substrate; an electrolyte layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first transparent electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the first substrate; second transparent electrodes provided between the electrolyte layer and the second substrate; a first electrochromic layer provided between the first transparent electrode and the electrolyte layer; and a second electrochromic layer provided between the second transparent electrodes and the electrolyte layer, wherein the second transparent electrodes each extend in a first direction and be disposed apart from each other in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the second electrochromic layer extends between the second transparent electrodes and contacts a lower surface of the second substrate, the first electrochromic layer includes an inorganic electrochromic material, and the second electrochromic

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing hexagonal tungsten oxide, the method including preparing an alkaline solvent having a pH of 8 to 9, which contains at least one of water or alcohol, adding tungsten chloride to the alkaline solvent to form a first reaction solution, adding an additive to the first reaction solution to form a second reaction solution, and adding strong acid to the second reaction solution to form nanoparticles. The additive includes any one of an amine compound having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aliphatic hydrocarbon derivative having 10 or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided is an optical modulator. The optical modulator includes an optical waveguide device and an electrochromic device on the optical waveguide device. The optical waveguide device includes a cladding layer and a core layer extending in a first direction on the cladding layer. The electrochromic device includes a lower electrode on the core layer, an upper electrode facing the lower electrode, an electrolyte layer between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, and an electrochromic layer between the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Provided is an active camouflage device including a reflective layer, a first electrode disposed on the reflective layer, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an electrolyte provided between the first and second electrodes. The first electrode includes a transparent electrode, and the second electrode includes a metal mesh.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes a sensing block, a stimulation block, a first line control circuit, and a second line control circuit. The sensing block outputs biometric data of a biosignal in response to a first selection signal. The stimulation block radiates a stimulation signal in response to a second selection signal. The first line control circuit outputs the first selection signal for selecting the sensing block as a target sensing block, and outputs the second selection signal for selecting the stimulation block as a target stimulation block. The second line control circuit processes characteristic data associated with the biometric data and the stimulation signal.

Abstract: An electrochromic device according to the inventive concept includes a first electrode; a second electrode on the first electrode; and an electrochromic electrolyte layer and a nanostructure between the first and second electrodes. The nanostructure has a porous structure, and the electrochromic electrolyte layer includes phenothiazine or a compound represented by the following Formula 1: where R1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or phenyl.

Abstract: Provided is a reversible electrochemical mirror including a first substrate and a second substrate, which face each other, a first transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate and facing the second substrate, a second transparent electrode disposed on the second substrate and facing the first transparent electrode, an electrolyte solution interposed between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, and a counter electrode material layer disposed on the second transparent electrode and contacting the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: An electrochromic mirror includes a first electrode structure, a second electrode structure provided on the first electrode structure, and an electrolyte provided between the first and second electrode structures. Here, the first electrode structure further includes a metal layer, a graphene layer disposed on the metal layer, and an interface part disposed between the metal layer and the graphene layer. The interface part includes a micro/nano-porous polymer material.

Abstract: Provided is a reversible electrochemical mirror including a first substrate and a second substrate, which face each other, a first transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate and facing the second substrate, a second transparent electrode disposed on the second substrate and facing the first transparent electrode, an electrolyte solution interposed between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, and a counter electrode material layer disposed on the second transparent electrode and contacting the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: Provided is an active camouflage device including a reflective layer, a first electrode disposed on the reflective layer, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an electrolyte provided between the first and second electrodes. The first electrode includes a transparent electrode, and the second electrode includes a metal mesh.

Abstract: An electrochromic mirror includes a first electrode structure, a second electrode structure provided on the first electrode structure, and an electrolyte provided between the first and second electrode structures. Here, the first electrode structure further includes a metal layer, a graphene layer disposed on the metal layer, and an interface part disposed between the metal layer and the graphene layer. The interface part includes a micro/nano-porous polymer material.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical modulator. An optical modulator comprises a substrate, an upper transparent electrode on the substrate, a partition wall providing a chamber between the substrate and the upper transparent electrode, an optical modulation member provided in the chamber and disposed on the substrate, and an electrolyte filling the chamber and including a first metal in an ionic state. The optical modulation member comprises a reflection layer on the substrate, and a lower transparent electrode on the reflection layer.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent display apparatus including a lower panel on which a shutter region and a light emitting region are horizontally disposed, an upper panel including a recessed region configured to cover the shutter region and the light emitting region to face the lower panel, a light emitting device, and a shutter device. The shutter device includes a lower electrode and an electrochromic material layer that are sequentially laminated in the shutter region of the lower panel, an upper electrode disposed in the recessed region of the upper panel, and an electrolyte layer filled between the electrochromic material layer and the upper electrode.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic device, which may prevent a damage of an electrode and include a lower substrate and an upper substrate configured to face each other with an electrolyte layer therebetween, an upper electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the upper substrate, a lower electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the lower substrate, an upper ion reactive layer provided between the upper electrode and the electrolyte layer, and a lower protection layer provided between the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer and configured to prohibit the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer from contacting.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical modulator. An optical modulator comprises a substrate, an upper transparent electrode on the substrate, a partition wall providing a chamber between the substrate and the upper transparent electrode, an optical modulation member provided in the chamber and disposed on the substrate, and an electrolyte filling the chamber and including a first metal in an ionic state. The optical modulation member comprises a reflection layer on the substrate, and a lower transparent electrode on the reflection layer.