Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for processing data of a flash memory by differentiating levels, which includes steps of separating the communication between a host and a flash memory by a high-level translation layer (HTL) and a low-level abstraction layer (LAL). The HTL receives commands and logical addresses from the host and translates the received logical addresses to the physical addresses of the flash memory. The LAL executes data processing to the corresponding memory cells according to the commands and the physical addresses from the HTL. Since the LAL is disposed between the HTL and the flash memory, the HTL is irrelevant to the structure of the flash memory, and does not have to re-designed with the flash memory which is replaced with another new flash memory.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a switching interface method for multi-interface storage device having a transmission interfaces and a predetermining list that stores different priority weights for the transmission interfaces. When the storage device connects to a computer, the switching interface method is executed and one of the transmission interfaces is selected to communicate with the computer according to the priority weight in sequence. In addition, a user's interface is also provided for the user, and the user can switch other transmission interface of the multi-interface storage device to link to the computer. Therefore, the multi-interface storage device may link to most of the computers and successfully communicate with the computer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a switching interface method for multi-interface storage device having a transmission interfaces and a predetermining list that stores different priority weights for the transmission interfaces. When the storage device connects to a computer, the switching interface method is executed and one of the transmission interfaces is selected to communicate with the computer according to the priority weight in sequence. In addition, a user's interface is also provided for the user, and the user can switch other transmission interface of the multi-interface storage device to link to the computer. Therefore, the multi-interface storage device may link to most of the computers and successfully communicate with the computer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for processing data of a flash memory by differentiating levels, which includes steps of separating the communication between a host and a flash memory by a high-level translation layer (HTL) and a low-level abstraction layer (LAL). The HTL receives commands and logical addresses from the host and translates the received logical addresses to the physical addresses of the flash memory. The LAL executes data processing to the corresponding memory cells according to the commands and the physical addresses from the HTL. Since the LAL is disposed between the HTL and the flash memory, the HTL is irrelevant to the structure of the flash memory, and does not have to re-designed with the flash memory which is replaced with another new flash memory.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variable voltage regulating device for modulating output voltage, comprising the implementation means of duty cycle modulation and control signal modulation. The duty cycle modulation mechanism entails the use of pulse signals with different duty cycles to produce different voltage signals in the resistor-capacitor network, which are regulated to obtain a control voltage. The original output voltage is then modulated by the control signal and the resistor network based on the Kirchhoff's current law to produce a new output voltage. The control signal modulation mechanism uses the field effect transistor switch to control the resistor network and then uses the resistor network and the Kirchhoff's current law to modulate the original output voltage and deliver a new output voltage.

Abstract: A capacitance fuel volume measuring apparatus for a fuel cell is disclosed. The apparatus utilizes two electrode boards disposed in a fuel tank and an elastic element to perform calculation of the fuel volume in the fuel tank. The apparatus includes a structure disposed in the fuel tank and a control unit. The structure in the fuel tank includes two electrode boards and an elastic element, which maintains the liquid level of the fuel in a level and transmits essential data corresponding to the distance between the two electrode boards to the control unit for calculation such that the control unit may obtain the volume of the fuel in the fuel tank.

Abstract: A fluid measuring device for use in a fluid storage tank, comprising a logic operation unit, a capacitive sensor, and a capacitance sensing circuit; wherein the capacitance sensing circuit is driven by the constant current input to perform the detection of the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor, then perform the conversion from the capacitance value into the signal on the physical characteristics of the fluid body by the logic operation unit. The signal on the physical characteristics can include any of the concentration, density, and surface level of the fluid body. Furthermore, the capacitive sensor can further comprise a reference capacitor and a detection capacitor for detecting the fluid, the latter capacitance is obtained from a differential circuit of the capacitance sensing circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell system with series-parallel circuit, comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks and a series-parallel circuit unit. Each fuel cell stack contains. DC power output terminals, and the series-parallel circuit unit consists of a plurality of parallel mode selection units and DC power output terminals. The DC power output terminal of respective fuel cell stack is electrically connected to the corresponding parallel mode selection unit in the series-parallel circuit unit. The parallel mode selection units are electrically parallel-connected to the DC power output terminal of the series-parallel circuit unit. The parallel mode selection unit selects whether the DC power output terminal of the corresponding fuel cell stack and the DC power output terminal of the series-parallel circuit unit are electrically connected or disconnected.

Abstract: A transmission concentration device capable of reducing environmental temperature effect comprises mainly a concentration detector arranged in the fluid communication space of a fluid circulating apparatus in a fuel cell system where the fluid temperature in the concentration detector and the fuel cell is equal to help minimize measurement error brought about by the effect of environmental temperature.

Abstract: A fuel cell power supply system integrated with rechargeable batteries comprises a fuel cell unit, a rechargeable battery device and a loop switching device. The fuel cell unit outputs DC power; the rechargeable battery device comprises a plurality of rechargeable batteries which are secondary cells and able to output or input DC power; and the loop switching device comprises a DC power output terminal and an electrical connect/disconnect selection means. The fuel cell unit and the rechargeable batteries are respectively electrically connected to the loop switching device, and the loop switching device selects electrical contact between the fuel cell unit and any rechargeable battery in the rechargeable battery device, and selects electrical connection between any other rechargeable battery in the rechargeable battery device and DC power output terminal of the loop switching device.

Abstract: A method of determining an operating current adjustment for a light emitting semiconductor element in order to generate a predetermined brightness includes applying a test voltage to the light emitting element, determining a corresponding test current through the light emitting element, and determining the operating current adjustment dependent on the determined test current and the applied test voltage.

Abstract: In an apparatus for over-voltage and over-current protection for a step-up current-mode converter including an inductor connected via a phase node to a switch that is switched by a control signal to convert an input voltage to an output voltage, a controller has a multiplexed pin, and a resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel between the multiplexed pin and the phase node. In an over-voltage protection mode, the controller senses the voltage on the multiplexed pin, and in an over-current protection mode, the controller supplies a current to flow through the resistor and senses the voltage on the multiplexed pin.

Abstract: A method of driving an LED includes determining an operational parameter of the LED, determining a driving signal parameter for the LED, and generating a periodic driving signal for driving the LED. The generated periodic driving signal has a duty cycle that depends on the determined driving signal parameter and the determined operational parameter of the LED.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell system with series-parallel circuit, comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, each fuel cell stack consisting of a fuel cell member and a DC voltage conversion unit; and a series-parallel circuit unit. The fuel cell member in respective fuel cell stack is electrically series-connected to the corresponding DC voltage conversion unit. The DC voltage conversion unit in each fuel cell stack includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The series-parallel circuit unit is electrically connected to the positive terminals and the negative terminals of the fuel cell stacks to form a specific electrical series-parallel connection relationship. The series-parallel circuit unit outputs the integrated power from the fuel cell stacks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell with protective device, comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, a fuel cell protection circuit unit and a switch control device. The fuel cell protective circuit unit consists of a plurality of channel selection devices and a series-parallel circuit unit. The channel selection devices respectively correspond to one of the fuel cell stacks. The series-parallel circuit unit is electrically connected to the channel selection devices and has an electric output terminal. The fuel cell stacks are respectively electrically connected to the corresponding channel selection devices in the fuel cell protection circuit unit, and the switch control device controls the selection by the corresponding channel selection devices of an electrically open state or an electrically closed state between respective fuel cell stack and the series-parallel circuit unit.

Abstract: A liquid concentration control and supply apparatus used in a reaction apparatus is disclosed. A control element in the liquid concentration control and supply apparatus controls its operating steps, comprising detecting the mixed liquid concentration in a liquid mixing device, detecting the height of mixed liquid level in the liquid mixing device, determining whether the mixed liquid concentration falls within a lag range referencing to a preset concentration value, and based on the information on the mixed liquid concentration and the mixed liquid level, computing the anticipated height of mixed liquid level after the amount of liquid that needs to be output by the liquid storage device is added to the liquid mixing device and controlling the output of liquid from the liquid storage device so that the mixed liquid concentration falls within the lag range referencing to the preset concentration value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell device applied in an electronic device. The electronic device has a power supply unit to supply power to it. The fuel cell device comprises a fuel cell, a regulator unit, a microprocessor unit an auxiliary unit and a power loop device. The regulator unit converts the DC voltage of power output by the fuel cell. The microprocessor unit controls the operation of the fuel cell device and carries out computing needed for its operation. The auxiliary unit supports the operation of the fuel cell. The power loop device selects the power output by the fuel cell device to the electronic device, or power input from the electronic device to the fuel cell device.

Abstract: A vessel having liquid metering apparatus comprises a liquid vessel and a sensor device. The liquid vessel has a shell body with a hollow storage member. The sensor device contains a sensing member and is disposed in the shell body of the liquid vessel. The sensing member is a planar stripline capacitor and corresponds to the storage member of the liquid vessel such that the sensor device can measure the height of liquid level in the liquid vessel.

Abstract: A solution metering apparatus used in a solution storage vessel for measuring the height of solution comprises a substrate; a sensor layer consisting of a first sensing member and a second sensing member where the first sensing member and the second sensing member respectively have, in horizontal direction, a plurality of sidewardly extended parallel strip lines that are alternately arranged, and the sensor layer is disposed on one side surface of the substrate; a protective layer overlying the sensor layer to determine the height of the fluid in the vessel based on the physical characteristics of the fluid as detected by the sensor layer, particularly its capacitance characteristics, and then determine whether to feed more fluid into the vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel supply system and operating method therefor, comprising: a fuel cartridge; a fuel level detection element; a main control unit; and an electronic apparatus, wherein the fuel level detection element utilizes the capacitance effect to detect the residual amount of fuel in the fuel cartridge and transmits the detected signal of residual fuel amount to the main control unit, where the computing device in the main control unit coupled with the means of converting fuel volume into remaining running time of electronic apparatus in the memory element calculate the remaining running time of the electronic apparatus, and the electronic apparatus provides information on the residual fuel amount in the fuel cartridge and its remaining running time for the reference of the user.