Abstract: A material that facilitates dissipation of heat is provided and includes hexagonal boron nitride and alumina.

Abstract: A material that facilitates dissipation of heat is provided and includes hexagonal boron nitride and alumina.

Abstract: Methods that facilitate exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), exfoliated hBN, and associated intermediate products are disclosed. Such a method can include the acts of mixing a sample of hBN with an activation agent (e.g., NaF, etc.) and a selected set of chemicals (e.g., a metal chloride) and intercalating the set of chemicals into the hBN to obtain intercalated hBN. Additionally, such a method can include the acts of hydrating the set of chemicals (i.e., the intercalates), and converting the set of chemicals to a set of oxide nanoparticles when exfoliating the intercalated hBN. The exfoliated hBN can be washed (e.g., with HCl, etc.) to remove remaining nanoparticles.

Abstract: Compositions and methods associated with intercalating and exfoliating a sample are described herein. For example, of a method may include mixing the sample with intercalation materials. The intercalation materials are then intercalated into the sample to obtain a sample intercalated with the intercalation materials. The intercalated sample can then be exfoliated to produce an exfoliated sample.

Abstract: A material that facilitates dissipation of heat is provided and includes hexagonal boron nitride and alumina.

Abstract: A method of purifying a nanomaterial and the resultant purified nanomaterial in which a salt, such as ferric chloride, at or near its liquid phase temperature, is used to penetrate and wet the internal surfaces of a nanomaterial to dissolve impurities that may be present, for example, from processes used in the manufacture of the nanomaterial.

Abstract: A lunar dust simulant containing nanophase iron and a method for making the same. Process (1) comprises a mixture of ferric chloride, fluorinated carbon powder, and glass beads, treating the mixture to produce nanophase iron, wherein the resulting lunar dust simulant contains ?-iron nanoparticles, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4. Process (2) comprises a mixture of a material of mixed-metal oxides that contain iron and carbon black, treating the mixture to produce nanophase iron, wherein the resulting lunar dust simulant contains ?-iron nanoparticles and Fe3O4.

Abstract: A method of forming a composite material for use as an anode for a lithium-ion battery is disclosed. The steps include selecting a carbon material as a constituent part of the composite, chemically treating the selected carbon material to receive nanoparticles, incorporating nanoparticles into the chemically treated carbon material and removing surface nanoparticles from an outside surface of the carbon material with incorporated nanoparticles. A material making up the nanoparticles alloys with lithium.

Abstract: A process for providing elemental metals or metal oxides distributed on a carbon substrate or self-supported utilizing graphite oxide as a precursor. The graphite oxide is exposed to one or more metal chlorides to form an intermediary product comprising carbon, metal, chloride, and oxygen. This intermediary product can be fiber processed by direct exposure to carbonate solutions to form a second intermediary product comprising carbon, metal carbonate, and oxygen. Either intermediary product may be further processed: a) in air to produce metal oxide; b) in an inert environment to produce metal oxide on carbon substrate; c) in a reducing environment to produce elemental metal distributed on carbon substrate. The product generally takes the shape of the carbon precursor.

Abstract: A process for providing elemental metals or metal oxides distributed on a carbon substrate or self-supported utilizing graphite oxide as a precursor. The graphite oxide is exposed to one or more metal chlorides to form an intermediary product comprising carbon, metal, chloride, and oxygen This intermediary product can be flier processed by direct exposure to carbonate solutions to form a second intermediary product comprising carbon, metal carbonate, and oxygen. Either intermediary product may be further processed: a) in air to produce metal oxide; b) in an inert environment to produce metal oxide on carbon substrate; c) in a reducing environment to produce elemental metal distributed on carbon substrate. The product generally takes the shape of the carbon precursor.

Abstract: A method of making chemically modified carbon-based materials for engineering purposes from a precursor containing graphite fluoride by using halocarbons or elemental sulfur as chemical agents that diffuse into the lamellar crystal structure of the graphite fluoride and permit defluoridation at a controlled rate upon heating, to produce graphite fluoride-free intermediate carbon material and, upon further heating to form a chemically modified non-graphitized carbon.

Abstract: A plurality of processes for producing unique end products containing elemental metals or metal oxides on and in a carbon substrate, elemental metals or metal oxides in the absence of such a carbon substrate, mixtures of elemental metals or metal oxides on and in a carbon substrate, or mixtures of elemental metals or metal oxides in the absence of such a carbon substrate, all of which processes involve the preparation of a first-step intermediate product that is a carbonaceous material appearing to be non-graphitic by X-ray diffraction standards and containing metal and halogen, which intermediate product is made from graphite fluoride and an appropriate metal halide. Among the end products are aluminum oxide fibers, elemental iron fibers, magnetic carbon fibers containing either iron or an iron-nickel alloy, and carbon containing various metals in the form of elemental metal or oxides.

Abstract: A process for providing elemental metals or metal oxides distributed on a carbon substrate or self-supported utilizing graphite oxide as a precursor. The graphite oxide is exposed to one or more metal chlorides to form an intermediary product comprising carbon, metal, chloride, and oxygen. This intermediary product can be further processed by direct exposure to carbonate solutions to form a second intermediary product comprising carbon, metal carbonate, and oxygen. Either intermediary product may be further processed: a) in air to produce metal oxide; b) in an inert environment to produce metal oxide on carbon substrate; c) in a reducing environment to produce elemental metal distributed on carbon substrate. The product generally takes the shape of the carbon precursor.

Abstract: A plurality of processes for producing unique end products containing elemental metals or metal oxides on and in a carbon substrate, elemental metals or metal oxides in the absence of such a carbon substrate, mixtures of elemental metals or metal oxides on and in a carbon substrate, or mixtures of elemental metals or metal oxides in the absence of such a carbon substrate, all of which processes involve the preparation of a first-step intermediate product that is a carbonaceous material appearing to be non-graphitic by X-ray diffraction standards and containing metal and halogen, which intermediate product is made from graphite fluoride and an appropriate metal halide. Among the end products are aluminum oxide fibers, elemental iron fibers, magnetic carbon fibers containing either iron or an iron-nickel alloy, and carbon containing various metals in the form of elemental metal or oxides.

Abstract: A method of making chemically modified carbon-based composite materials for engineering purposes from a precursor containing graphite fluoride by using halocarbons or elemental sulfur as chemical agents that diffuse into the lamellar crystal structure of the graphite fluoride and permit defluoridation at a controlled rate upon heating, to produce a graphite fluoride-free intermediate carbon material and, upon further heating to form a chemically modified carbon that is further heated in the presence of a specified one of several chemical elements to form a composite including a coating of the specified element.

Abstract: A method of making chemically modified carbon-based materials for engineering purposes from a precursor containing graphite fluoride by using halocarbons or elemental sulfur as chemical agents that diffuse into the lamellar crystal structure of the graphite fluoride and permit defluoridation at a controlled rate upon heating, to produce fluoride-free intermediate carbon material and, upon further heating to form a graphitized, chemically modified carbon.

Abstract: Graphite fluoride is produced from graphitized carbon. A bromine iodine mixture reacts with graphitized carbon to produce iodine intercalated graphitized carbon that is then exposed to fluorine.

Abstract: Low cost, high break elongation graphitized carbon fibers having low degree of graphitization are inert to bromine at room or higher temperatures, but are brominated at -7.degree. to 20.degree. C., and then debrominated at ambient. Repetition of this bromination-debromination process can bring the bromine content to 18%. Electrical conductivity of the brominated fibers is three times of the before-bromination value.

Abstract: Improved graphite fluoride fibers are produced by contact reaction between highly graphitized fibers and fluorine gas. It is preferable to intercalate the fibers with bromine or fluorine and metal fluoride prior to fluorination.These graphite fluoride fibers are bound by an epoxy. The resulting composites have high thermal conductivity, high electric resistivity, and high emissivity.