Abstract: A channel plate structure includes a nonreactive portion and an electrochemical reactive portion. The nonreactive portion includes at least one manifold inlet, at least one manifold outlet, flow channels, and cutoff structures. The cutoff structures are respectively disposed in the flow channels, and the ratio of the total area of the cutoff structures to the area of the channel plate structure is 0.002 to 0.01 based on battery size. Each of the cutoff structures includes a gas-liquid separation compartment, a joint portion, and a convergent portion, wherein a width of the joint portion is smaller than or equal to that of the gas-liquid separation compartment, the convergent portion connects the gas-liquid separation compartment to the joint portion, and the cross-sectional area of a flow path at an downstream end of the convergent portion is smaller than that of the flow path at an upstream end of the same.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition and an energy storage device employing the same are provided. The electrolyte composition includes a solid and a solution. The solid includes a core and a metal layer encapsulating the core, where the metal layer is selected from a group consisting of Zn, Al, Mg, Li, Na and the metal oxides thereof. In particular, the solid has a first density and the solution has a second density, and the ratio between the first density and the second density is from about 0.97 to 1.03.

Abstract: A channel plate structure includes a nonreactive portion and an electrochemical reactive portion. The nonreactive portion includes at least one manifold inlet, at least one manifold outlet, flow channels, and cutoff structures. The cutoff structures are respectively disposed in the flow channels, and the ratio of the total area of the cutoff structures to the area of the channel plate structure is 0.002 to 0.01 based on battery size. Each of the cutoff structures includes a gas-liquid separation compartment, a joint portion, and a convergent portion, wherein a width of the joint portion is smaller than or equal to that of the gas-liquid separation compartment, the convergent portion connects the gas-liquid separation compartment to the joint portion, and the cross-sectional area of a flow path at an downstream end of the convergent portion is smaller than that of the flow path at an upstream end of the same.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition and an energy storage device employing the same are provided. The electrolyte composition includes a solid and a solution. The solid includes a core and a metal layer encapsulating the core, where the metal layer is selected from a group consisting of Zn, Al, Mg, Li, Na and the metal oxides thereof. In particular, the solid has a first density and the solution has a second density, and the ratio between the first density and the second density is from about 0.97 to 1.03.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of growing a thin film are provided. The method comprises at least (a) providing a number of substrates; (b) cleaning the substrates; and (c) placing the substrates into a reaction liquid; (d) vibrating the reaction liquid by ultrasonic waves such that a thin film is grown on the substrates evenly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for growing a composite metal sulphide photcatalyst thin film, wherein photochemical deposition and chemical bath deposition are both performed for growing the composite metal sulphide thin film, such as (AgInS2)x/(ZnS)2(1-x), wherein x is 0-1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of growing a thin film are provided. The method comprises at least (a) providing a number of substrates; (b) cleaning the substrates; and (c) placing the substrates into a reaction liquid; (d) vibrating the reaction liquid by ultrasonic waves such that a thin film is grown on the substrates evenly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of growing a thin film are provided. The method comprises at least (a) providing a number of substrates; (b) cleaning the substrates; and (c) placing the substrates into a reaction liquid; (d) vibrating the reaction liquid by ultrasonic waves such that a thin film is grown on the substrates evenly.

Abstract: Photo energy transformation catalysts and methods for fabricating the same are provided. The method includes mixing a solution containing a positive valence element of Group IB, a solution containing a positive valence element of Group IIIA, and a solution containing a negative valence element of Group VIA to obtain a composition and forming a film from the composition by liquid phase deposition, wherein the film contains compounds including the elements of Group IB, Group IIIA, and Group VIA.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for growing a composite metal sulphide photcatalyst thin film, wherein photochemical deposition and chemical bath deposition are both performed for growing the composite metal sulphide thin film, such as (AgInS2)x/(ZnS)2(1-x), wherein x is 0-1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for growing a composite metal sulphide photcatalyst thin film, wherein photochemical deposition and chemical bath deposition are both performed for growing the composite metal sulphide thin film, such as (AgInS2)x/(ZnS)2(1-x), wherein x is 0-1.

Abstract: Photo energy transformation catalysts and methods for fabricating the same are provided. The method includes mixing a solution containing a positive valence element of Group IB, a solution containing a positive valence element of Group IIIA, and a solution containing a negative valence element of Group VIA to obtain a composition and forming a film from the composition by liquid phase deposition, wherein the film contains compounds including the elements of Group IB, Group IIIA, and Group VIA.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of growing a thin film are provided. The method comprises at least (a) providing a number of substrates; (b) cleaning the substrates; and (c) placing the substrates into a reaction liquid; (d) vibrating the reaction liquid by ultrasonic waves such that a thin film is grown on the substrates evenly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for growing a composite metal sulphide photcatalyst thin film, wherein photochemical deposition and chemical bath deposition are both performed for growing the composite metal sulphide thin film, such as (AgInS2)x/(ZnS)2(1-x), wherein x is 0-1.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting an underground obstacle in which a plurality of acoustic signal sensors are deployed in a predetermined pattern on an area of ground defined by a guided drill path. A drill head of a drill is inserted into the ground and a borehole is drilled in the ground along the guided drill path. The noise signal generated by the drill head is detected at at least two of the acoustic signal sensors and the difference in arrival time of the noise signal at the two acoustic signal sensors is determined. This difference in arrival time of noise signal is analyzed, whereby the presence or absence of an underground obstacle is determined.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting an underground obstacle in which a plurality of acoustic signal sensors are deployed in a predetermined pattern on an area of ground defined by a guided drill path. A drill head of a drill is inserted into the ground and a borehole is drilled in the ground along the guided drill path. The noise signal generated by the drill head is detected at at least two of the acoustic signal sensors and the difference in arrival time of the noise signal at the two acoustic signal sensors is determined. This difference in arrival time of noise signal is analyzed, whereby the presence or absence of an underground obstacle is determined.

Abstract: Ultrasonic imaging method and apparatus in which a reference waveform which is substantially free of echoes is modified to be equal to a weighted sum of the reference waveform and filtered signals from the transducing elements which transmit the ultrasonic waves and receive the reflected echoes. The modified waveform is then subtracted from the transducer signals to remove ringdown signals and provide a displayed image which is substantially free of ringdown artifacts.

Abstract: A blood flow detection and imaging method and system is described for displaying images in accordance with signals transmitted from an intravascular ultrasound transducer probe. The image processor includes means for independently designating persistence factors for smoothing calculated speed and power of the dynamic portion of a field of view within a vasculature. Furthermore, the designation of a particular image point within a field of view as a dynamic image point (such as a blood flow region) as opposed to a static image point (such as a tissue region) is determined by averaging signal values for image points proximate to an image point of interest over both time and space.