Abstract: A substrate attaching device (3) includes a vacuum chamber (31), a first electrostatic chuck (32) at least partly set in the vacuum chamber, and further includes a chuck body (321) with a plurality of gas releasing holes (322), a working table (33) stationable below the first electrostatic chuck in the vacuum chamber, a gas supply (34) communicating with the gas releasing holes, a pump device (35) communicating with the vacuum chamber, and a sub-vacuum (37) chamber communicating with both the vacuum chamber and the pump device.

Abstract: An adjustable optical apparatus adapter is disclosed to include a camera platform provided with a mounting screw and a wing nut for securing a camera to the camera platform, a telescope holder for holding a telescope, a holding down frame controlled by a lock screw to hold down a telescope in the telescope holder, and a camera platform lock mounted in the a horizontal sliding slot in camera platform and a vertical sliding slot in telescope holder for locking the camera platform to the telescope holder after position adjustment of the camera platform horizontally and vertically relative to the telescope holder to have the loaded telescope at the telescope holder in axial alignment with the loaded camera at the camera platform.

Abstract: A liquid crystal dropping apparatus (100) includes a vacuum chamber (80), and two liquid crystal dispensers (42, 52). The liquid crystal dispensers are installed in the vacuum chamber, and are adapted to release different desired amounts of liquid crystal simultaneously. A liquid crystal dropping method using the apparatus comprises the steps of: providing two liquid crystal dispensers; providing a first substrate divided into two panels, and positioning the first substrate so that each panel is below a corresponding liquid crystal dispenser; and releasing different amounts of liquid crystal onto said panels simultaneously via said liquid crystal dispensers. The liquid crystal dropping apparatus and method can drop the needed liquid crystal onto the two different panels of the substrate simultaneously.

Abstract: A reference solution for calibrating and monitoring blood gas instrumentation that has a shelf line of two years or greater is disclosed. The solution is contained in a closed container having a gas or gas mixture that is inert to the reference solution and comprises an aqueous mixture containing a hemoglobin, a source of bicarbonate ions and an organic buffer. The solution optionally contains a methemoglobin reducing system, reference concentrations of selected electrolytes, a polyphosphate compound and antibiotics. The ampule is subsequently opened and the solution is equilibrated with a gas mixture having components which provide gasses in a physiological range to the solution. The solution is characterized by exhibiting properties similar to fresh blood subsequent to equilibration.

Abstract: A stable reference solution for calibrating and monitoring blood gas instrumentation is disclosed. The solution comprises an aqueous mixture containing a hemoglobin solution derived from a mammalian source which comprises at least about 95% reduced hemoglobin. The solution additionally contains a bicarbonate buffer and a metal catalyzed methemoglobin reducing system and an organic buffer. To provide a control element having a variety of properties similar to fresh, whole, human blood, the reference solution is stored in a sealed ampule under an inert atmosphere containing CO.sub.2 until just prior to use. The ampule is subsequently opened and the solution is equilibrated with a gas mixture having components which provide gasses in a physiological range to the solution. The solution is characterized by exhibiting properties similar to fresh blood subsequent to equilibration and an extended storage life prior to equilibration.

Abstract: A stable reference solution for calibrating and monitoring blood gas instrumentation is disclosed. The solution comprises an aqueous mixture containing a hemoglobin solution derived from a mammalian source which comprises at least about 95% reduced hemoglobin. The solution additionally contains a metal catalyzed methemoglobin reducing system, reference concentrations of selected electrolytes and an organic buffer. To provide a control element having a variety of properties similar to fresh, whole, human blood, the reference solution is stored in a sealed ampule under an inert atmosphere containing CO.sub.2 until just prior to use. The ampule is subsequently opened and the solution is equilibrated with a gas mixture having components which provide gasses in a physiological range to the solution. The solution is characterized by exhibiting properties similar to fresh blood subsequent to equilibration and an extended storage life prior to equilibration.

Abstract: A stable reference solution for calibrating and monitoring blood gas instrumentation is disclosed. The solution comprises an aqueous mixture containing a hemoglobin solution derived from a mammalian source which comprises at least about 95% reduced hemoglobin. The solution additionally contains a bicarbonate buffer and a metal catalyzed methemoglobin reducing system and an organic buffer. To provide a control element having a variety of properties similar to fresh, whole, human blood, the reference solution is stored in a sealed ampule under an inert atmosphere containing CO.sub.2 until just prior to use. The ampule is subsequently opened and the solution is equilibrated with a gas mixture having components which provide gasses in a physiological range to the solution. The solution is characterized by exhibiting properties similar to fresh blood subsequent to equilibration and an extended storage life prior to equilibration.

Abstract: A liquid control standard for the use in the quality assurance of blood analysis instrumentation systems is disclosed. The liquid control standard is able to act as a control standard for blood gas instrumentation systems measuring pH, pCO.sub.2 and pO.sub.2 of blood, as a liquid control standard for ion selective electrode instrumentation systems for the measuring of electrolytes such as ionized calcium and total calcium as well as Na, K and Li ions in the blood and, optionally, as a control standard for a co-oximeter measuring the amount of total hemoglobin present in the blood and the relative amounts of other hemoglobin fractions present in the blood.

Abstract: A liquid control standard for the use in the qualilty assurance of blood analysis instrumentation systems is disclosed. The liquid control standard is able to act as a control standard for blood gas instrumentation systems measuring pH, pCO.sub.2 and pO.sub.2 of blood, as a liquid control standard for ion selective electrode instrumentation systems for the measuring of electrolytes such as ionized calcium and total calcium as well as Na, K and Li ions in the blood and, optionally, as a control standard for a co-oximeter measuring the amount of total hemoglobin present in the blood and the relative amounts of other hemoglobin fractions present in the blood.

Abstract: This invention discloses a multiple control standard for the use in the quality assurance of blood analysis instrumentation systems. The liquid control standard is able to act as a control standard for blood gas instrumentation systems measuring pH, pCO2 and pO.sub.2 of blood, as a control standard for a co-oximeter measuring the amount of total hemoglobin present in the blood and the relative amounts of other hemoglobin fractions present in the blood, and as a liquid control standard for ion selective electrode instrumentation systems for the measuring of electrolytes such as Na, K, Li and Ca ions in the blood.

Abstract: This invention discloses a multiple control standard for the use in the quality assurance of blood analysis instrumentation systems. The liquid control standard is able to act as a control standard for blood gas instrumentation systems measuring pH, pCO2 and pO.sub.2 of blood, as a control standard for a co-oximeter measuring the amount of total hemoglobin present in the blood and the relative amounts of other hemoglobin fractions present in the blood, and as a liquid control standard for ion selective electrode instrumentation systems for the measuring of electrolytes such as Na and K ions in the blood.

Abstract: Blood gas control containing hemoglobin, a pH buffering agent, and a reduced pyridine nucleotide capable of participating in a reaction which reduces methemoglobin to normal hemoglobin.

Abstract: A solid, water-soluble substantially anhydrous, storage-stable reagent formulation for use in conducting a clinical diagnostic test on a biological specimen is provided. The reagent formulation comprises a mixture containing a reagent capable of participating in a test reaction to effect a measurable change in a test system; and a nitrogen bearing polyoxyalkylene nonionic surfactant. The surfactant has a structure corresponding to that obtained when ethylene diamine is reacted sequentially with propylene oxide and ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The polyoxypropylene chains of said surfactant have an average molecular weight of between about 750 and about 6750. Methods of preparing the reagent formulations and methods of using them to conduct clinical diagnostic tests are also provided.

Abstract: Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase are determined using granular water-soluble substantially anhydrous, storage stable reagent formulations comprising a nitrogen-containing polyoxyalkylene nonionic surfactant obtained by the sequential reaction of ethylene diamine with propylene oxide and ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The surfactant contains, polyoxypropylene chains having an average molecular weight of between about 750 and about 6,750 and polyoxyethylene chains constituting between about 10 and about 80 weight percent of the surfactant. The surfactant has an advantageous effect upon granulation, dissolution and storage stability of the anhydrous reagent formulations, and is effective for solubilizing proteins.

Abstract: Glucose is assayed in biological specimens using granular, water soluble, substantially anhydrous, storage-stable reagent formulations containing enzymes, a chromogen and/or a buffer and a nitrogen - containing polyoxyalkylene nonionic surfactant obtained by the sequential reaction of ethylenediamine with propylene oxide and ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The surfactant contains polyoxypropylene chains having an average molecular weight of between about 750 and about 6,750, and polyoxyethylene chains constituting between about 10 and about 80 weight percent. The surfactant has an advantageous effect on granulation, dissolution and storage stability of the reagent formulations and is effective for solubilizing protein such as enzymes.

Abstract: A solid, water-soluble substantially anhydrous, storage-stable reagent formulation for use in conducting a clinical diagnostic test on a biological specimen is provided. The reagent formulation comprises a mixture containing a reagent capable of participating in a test reaction to effect a measurable change in a test system; and a nitrogen bearing polyoxyalkylene nonionic surfactant. The surfactant has a structure corresponding to that obtained when ethylene diamine is reacted sequentially with propylene oxide and ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The polyoxypropylene chains of said surfactant have an average molecular weight of between about 750 and about 6750. Methods of preparing the reagent formulations and methods of using them to conduct clinical diagnostic tests are also provided.