Abstract: The methods and devices described herein generally relate to lithium-ion batteries, methods of preparing, and methods of operating such batteries. The lithium-ion batteries described herein have an improved cycle life. In one exemplary variation, the lithium-ion battery includes an anode including carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 particles and a cathode including LiMn2O4 particles, and the cathode capacity is larger than the anode capacity.

Abstract: A multi-purpose paper, a manufacturing method thereof, and an application thereof are provided. The method of manufacturing the multi-purpose paper comprises steps of (a) providing a papermaking material and obtaining a clean paper pulp by treating the papermaking material, (b) adding at least one functional additive into the clean paper pulp to form the multi-purpose paper, and (c) processing the multi-purpose paper to form thereon an uneven surface structure. The cultivating paper has the combined functions of weed control, pest control, supplying the required nutrients to plants to help develop the root system, maintaining moisture and breath for the root system. The multi-purpose paper can be carriers of agricultural antagonistic microorganisms and serve as the basic functional substrate for weed control, pest control, sowing, growing seedlings, fertilization, fertilizer saving, manpower saving and organic cultivating.

Abstract: A multi-purpose paper, a manufacturing method thereof, and an application thereof are provided. The method of manufacturing the multi-purpose paper comprises steps of (a) providing a papermaking material and obtaining a clean paper pulp by treating the papermaking material, (b) adding at least one functional additive into the clean paper pulp to form the multi-purpose paper, and (c) processing the multi-purpose paper to form thereon an uneven surface structure. The cultivating paper has the combined functions of weed control, pest control, supplying the required nutrients to plants to help develop the root system, maintaining moisture and breath for the root system. The multi-purpose paper can be carriers of agricultural antagonistic microorganisms and serve as the basic functional substrate for weed control, pest control, sowing, growing seedlings, fertilization, fertilizer saving, manpower saving and organic cultivating.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multi-purpose functional agricultural mulching paper is disclosed. The method comprises steps of (a) providing a papermaking material, (b) treating the papermaking material to form a cleaned paper pulp, and (c) adding at least one functional additive into the cleaned paper pulp and treating the cleaned paper pulp to form the multi-purpose functional agricultural mulching paper. The multi-purpose functional agricultural mulching paper of the present invention can be applied in week control, pest control, bacterial control, plant disease control, growing seedling, fertilizer supply and seed sowing to increase the economic benefits.

Abstract: A multi-purpose paper, a manufacturing method thereof, and an application thereof are provided. The method of manufacturing the multi-purpose paper comprises steps of (a) providing a papermaking material and obtaining a clean paper pulp by treating the papermaking material, (b) adding at least one functional additive into the clean paper pulp to form the multi-purpose paper, and (c) processing the multi-purpose paper to form thereon an uneven surface structure. The cultivating paper has the combined functions of weed control, pest control, supplying the required nutrients to plants to help develop the root system, maintaining moisture and breath for the root system. The multi-purpose paper can be carriers of agricultural antagonistic microorganisms and serve as the basic functional substrate for weed control, pest control, sowing, growing seedlings, fertilization, fertilizer saving, manpower saving and organic cultivating.

Abstract: A multi-purpose paper, a manufacturing method thereof, and an application thereof are provided. The method of manufacturing the multi-purpose paper comprises steps of (a) providing a papermaking material and obtaining a clean paper pulp by treating the papermaking material, (b) adding at least one functional additive into the clean paper pulp to form the multi-purpose paper, and (c) processing the multi-purpose paper to form thereon an uneven surface structure. The cultivating paper has the combined functions of weed control, pest control, supplying the required nutrients to plants to help develop the root system, maintaining moisture and breath for the root system. The multi-purpose paper can be carriers of agricultural antagonistic microorganisms and serve as the basic functional substrate for weed control, pest control, sowing, growing seedlings, fertilization, fertilizer saving, manpower saving and organic cultivating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a classifying mill with a housing configured for containing a stream of particulate material. A particulate material feed inlet is associated with the housing for introducing the particulate material into the housing. A milling assembly is disposed within the housing and configured for grinding the particulate material into fines and oversize particles. A classifier comprising a classifier rotor is disposed within the housing and below the milling assembly. A fines output at the underside of the classifier is configured for extracting the fines from the classifier, and an oversize particle collector at the underside of the classifier is configured for extracting the oversize particles from the housing. The classifying mill is arranged such that the particulate material stream extends downward from the feed inlet, through the milling assembly, and subsequently through the classifier.

Abstract: The invention relates a pulverizer equipped with a free air purging mechanical seal/classifier design that provides free air purging of the seal gap between the mechanical seal assembly and the classifier. The invention also provides a coarse particle extraction assembly wherein the coarse particles rejected by the classifier can be reliably discharged from the pulverizer or recirculated to the inlet. Furthermore, the rejected coarse particles can be subjected to jet milling and then recirculated. The invention also provides a free air cooling arrangement for cooling both the lower bearing member and the area of the vertical drive shaft where it meets the lower bearing member. The invention also provides an improved feed nozzle for use of the pulverizer in drying applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a classifying mill with a housing configured for containing a stream of particulate material. A particulate material feed inlet is associated with the housing for introducing the particulate material into the housing. A milling assembly is disposed within the housing and configured for grinding the particulate material into fines and oversize particles. A classifier comprising a classifier rotor is disposed within the housing and below the milling assembly. A fines output at the underside of the classifier is configured for extracting the fines from the classifier, and an oversize particle collector at the underside of the classifier is configured for extracting the oversize particles from the housing. The classifying mill is arranged such that the particulate material stream extends downward from the feed inlet, through the milling assembly, and subsequently through the classifier.

Abstract: A cost efficient single-drive particulate material pulverizing and classifying mill capable of operating at high efficiencies and able to conveniently produce selectively sized particles from a wide variety of materials during milling operation without restructuring the mill configuration.

Abstract: A powder classifier which includes a classifier rotor fixedly secured to a rotatable shaft and having (i) an interior portion defined by upper and lower plates and (ii) an impeller wheel having upper and lower surfaces and a plurality of vanes therethrough. The upper plate has a rounded outer edge along its outer circumference, and the interior portion is in communication with a fine particle discharge outlet. First and second annular rings are concentrically disposed about the outer circumference of the classifier rotor, with the first annular ring being positioned so that a preclassification of a feed powder stream occurs at the first gap such that a fraction of fine particles is separated from the feed stream and flows through the first gap and into the interior portion of the classifier rotor for primary classification, A dispersion disk which rotates independently from the classifier rotor is provided to produce various degrees of dispersion intensities and disperses feed powders prior to classification.

Abstract: A hammer mill for reducing the size of particles has a generally cylindrical chamber with first and second side walls, cylindrical lower wall portion and an upper wall portion. Plural hammers extend radially from a cylindrical rotatable body mounted in the chamber coaxially therewith. The upper wall portion is divided into a first cylindrical section and a second suction inducing section between the first cylindrical section and a particle inlet. A liner having particle deflectors is slidingly mounted on the first cylindrical section in grooves formed between the upper edges of plates attached to the sidewalls of the chamber and the first cylindrical section of the upper wall portion. A plate liner is positioned at the interior of the second section on angled straight line edges of the sidewall plates to provide a space for suctioning particles from the particle inlet.

Abstract: An improved pulverizing and grinding hammer and methods of making and using such a hammer in a hammer mill are disclosed. The improved hammer has a substantially trapezoidal insert made of a hard metal such as STELLITE 12 that is brazed onto a groove in a conventional hammer to form a contact face having an approximately ten degree layback angle with the vertical. The improved hammer provides a clear visible boundary between the insert material and base metal of the hammer, which acts as a wear indicator when the layback angle wears to approximately 40 to 50 degrees, the critical angle at which the size reduction efficiency of the mill decreases.

Abstract: The process of the present invention for preparing granules of alumina includes pretreating an alumina powder by admixing with cold water in a mixer at a temperature below room temperature, e.g., such as below about 20.degree. C., to form a pretreated alumina having a pore volume saturated with water and further having a surface area of gel structure, and agglomerating the pretreated alumina in a fluidized bed to form granules. The process is particularly suited to producing activated alumina in macroporous granules. The process in one aspect further includes a cold hopper for cooling alumina powder prior to the pretreating step.

Abstract: The process of the present invention for preparing granules of alumina includes pretreating an alumina powder by admixing with cold water in a mixer at a temperature below room temperature, e.g., such as below about 20.degree. C., to form a pretreated alumina having a pore volume saturated with water and further having a surface area of gel structure, and agglomerating the pretreated alumina in a fluidized bed to form granules sized in the range of about 1-3 mm. The process is particularly suited to producing activated alumina in macroporous granules. The process in one aspect further includes a cold hopper for cooling alumina powder prior to the pretreating step.