Abstract: A grid structure in a pixel array may be at least partially angled or tapered toward a top surface of the grid structure such that the width of the grid structure approaches a near-zero width near the top surface of the grid structure. This permits the spacing between color filter regions in between the grid structure to approach a near-zero spacing near the top surfaces of the color filter regions. The tight spacing of color filter regions provided by the angled or tapered grid structure provides a greater surface area and volume for incident light collection in the color filter regions. Moreover, the width of the grid structure may increase at least partially toward a bottom surface of the grid structure such that the wider dimension of the grid structure near the bottom surface of the grid structure provides optical crosstalk protection for the pixel sensors in the pixel array.

Abstract: A data storage system architecture for accessing data, having a plurality of data storage subsystems coupling to a host for receiving an I/O request from the host, is provided. Each of the plurality of the data storage subsystems has: a redundant array of independent disks layer (RAID layer) for generating a plurality of media extents; a virtualization module for generating one or more virtual volumes (VVs); an on-board load balance (OBLB) module for offering a data access interface between the host and the data storage system architecture to parse the I/O request into at least one sub-I/O request; and a media extent server (ME server) module to receive the at least one sub-I/O request and to determine the validity of the at least one sub-I/O request. Accordingly, the host is able to issue I/O requests to any one of the data storage subsystems.

Abstract: A data storage system architecture for accessing data, having a plurality of data storage subsystems coupling to a host for receiving an I/O request from the host, is provided. Each of the plurality of the data storage subsystems has: a redundant array of independent disks layer (RAID layer) for generating a plurality of media extents; a virtualization module for generating one or more virtual volumes (VVs); an on-board load balance (OBLB) module for offering a data access interface between the host and the data storage system architecture to parse the I/O request into at least one sub-I/O request; and a media extent server (ME server) module to receive the at least one sub-I/O request and to determine the validity of the at least one sub-I/O request. Accordingly, the host is able to issue I/O requests to any one of the data storage subsystems.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and controller for processing data multiplication in a RAID system. Map tables are generated for all values in a field, respectively. The length of an XOR operation unit is chosen to be appropriate w bits (e.g., 32 bits or 64 bits). One or several XOR operation units form a multiplication unit of a data sector. When computing on-line, data in a disk drive of a disk array are performed with XOR operations in accordance with one of the map tables using an XOR operation unit as one unit while computing on the multiplication unit to obtain a product of multiplication. Making use of the RAID system established according to the disclosed method, only XOR operations are required to compute parity data or recover damaged user data. Moreover, several calculations can be performed simultaneously. Therefore, the efficiency of the RAID system can be effectively improved.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data accessing method and an apparatus for performing the method. Through a newly-defined host logical unit (HLUN), a unique HLUN number is given to each LUN-to-LD/Partition mapping relationship, and the HLUN is present to external hosts. Therefore, all of the hosts in the same storage system may recognize different logical units (i.e., HLUN). Hence, when processing an Input/Output (IO) request issued from any one host, a storage virtualization controller (SVC) can correctly find the corresponding LD/Partition for accessing data without identifying the identity of the host.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and controller for processing data multiplication in a RAID system. Map tables are generated for all values in a field, respectively. The length of an XOR operation unit is chosen to be appropriate w bits (e.g., 32 bits or 64 bits). One or several XOR operation units form a multiplication unit of a data sector. When computing on-line, data in a disk drive of a disk array are performed with XOR operations in accordance with one of the map tables using an XOR operation unit as one unit while computing on the multiplication unit to obtain a product of multiplication. Making use of the RAID system established according to the disclosed method, only XOR operations are required to compute parity data or recover damaged user data. Moreover, several calculations can be performed simultaneously. Therefore, the efficiency of the RAID system can be effectively improved.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and controller for processing data multiplication in a RAID system. Map tables are generated for all values in a field, respectively. The length of an XOR operation unit is chosen to be appropriate w bits (e.g., 332 bits or 64 bits). One or several XOR operation units form a multiplication unit of a data sector. When computing on-line, data in a disk drive of a disk array are performed with XOR operations in accordance with one of the map tables using an XOR operation unit as one unit while computing on the multiplication unit to obtain a product of multiplication. Making use of the RAID system established according to the disclosed method, only XOR operations are required to compute parity data or recover damaged user data. Moreover, several calculations can be performed simultaneously. Therefore, the efficiency of the RAID system can be effectively improved.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a body and a stand. The stand includes a base, a second stopping foot, a second sliding foot, and an elevator mechanism. The body is configured on the base, and a first stopping foot and a first sliding foot are configured on a bottom surface of the base. The elevator mechanism is configured on the base and interacts with the second stopping foot or the second sliding foot. High and low positions of the second stopping foot and the second sliding foot are exchanged by operation of the elevator mechanism, such that the first stopping foot, the first sliding foot, and the second stopping foot support the body on a platform, or the first stopping foot, the first sliding foot, and the second sliding foot support the body on the platform.

Abstract: A structure of redundant array of independent disks (RAID) comprising multiple parity data is provided. A data protection field is attached after each basic data access unit of the parity data sequences and each subfields of the data protection field is defined according to different applications to protect the basic data access unit of the parity data or the data protection field of the payload data from errors incurring during data transmission.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data accessing method and an apparatus for performing the method. Through a newly-defined host logical unit (HLUN), a unique HLUN number is given to each LUN-to-LD/Partition mapping relationship, and the HLUN is present to external hosts. Therefore, all of the hosts in the same storage system may recognize different logical units (i.e., HLUN). Hence, when processing an Input/Output (IO) request issued from any one host, a storage virtualization controller (SVC) can correctly find the corresponding LD/Partition for accessing data without identifying the identity of the host.

Abstract: A parity engine for use in a storage virtualization controller includes a control unit being a control kernel of the parity engine; a control unit buffer serving as a data buffer of the control unit and storing map tables required for operations; at least one XOR engine being started by the control unit and used to select data from a data stream according to the map tables stored in the control unit buffer for performing XOR operations; and at least one data buffer serving as the data buffer of the XOR engine in the operating process.

Abstract: A structure of redundant array of independent disks (RAID) comprising multiple parity data is provided. A data protection field is attached after each basic data access unit of the parity data sequences and each subfields of the data protection field is defined according to different applications to protect the basic data access unit of the parity data or the data protection field of the payload data from errors incurring during data transmission.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and controller for processing data multiplication in a RAID system. Map tables are generated for all values in a field, respectively. The length of an XOR operation unit is chosen to be appropriate w bits (e.g., 32 bits or 64 bits). One or several XOR operation units form a multiplication unit of a data sector. When computing on-line, data in a disk drive of a disk array are performed with XOR operations in accordance with one of the map tables using an XOR operation unit as one unit while computing on the multiplication unit to obtain a product of multiplication. Making use of the RAID system established according to the disclosed method, only XOR operations are required to compute parity data or recover damaged user data. Moreover, several calculations can be performed simultaneously. Therefore, the efficiency of the RAID system can be effectively improved.

Abstract: A parity engine for use in a storage virtualization controller includes a control unit being a control kernel of the parity engine; a control unit buffer serving as a data buffer of the control unit and storing map tables required for operations; at least one XOR engine being started by the control unit and used to select data from a data stream according to the map tables stored in the control unit buffer for performing XOR operations; and at least one data buffer serving as the data buffer of the XOR engine in the operating process.