Abstract: Semiconductor structures are provided. The semiconductor structure includes a substrate and nanostructures formed over the substrate. The semiconductor structure further includes a gate structure surrounding the nanostructures and a source/drain structure attached to the nanostructures. The semiconductor structure further includes a contact formed over the source/drain structure and extending into the source/drain structure.

Abstract: Methods for allocating transmission bandwidths of a network are adapted to a network including an office terminal and peripheral terminals. The peripheral terminals communicate with the office terminal by time division multiplexing during a sequence of transmitting cycles. The method includes receiving requested bandwidths from uploading messages delivered from the peripheral terminals, arranging an uploading order of the peripheral terminals based on the uploading messages to obtain a transmitting sequence, adjusting the uploading order of each of the peripheral terminals in the transmitting sequence based on a size of the requested bandwidth to obtain a modified transmitting sequence, and arranging a modified uploading order of the peripheral terminals based on the modified transmitting sequence. Therefore, the transmission bandwidth allocation is fairer, and delay is reduced. Upstream order of each terminal is transferred based on its requested bandwidth, thereby effectively reducing the average delay.

Abstract: A method and system of video object segmentation are disclosed herein. A pixel data of an image is received, wherein the pixel data has a corresponding location. A difference value between a pixel value of the pixel data and a pixel value in the corresponding location of a previous image is obtained. Utilizing the difference value and the pixel data, a multi-layered background registration is performed to get a background. Using the background, a background region of the image is removed. Furthermore, a process of removing an average value of luminance from the image and from the background is carried out to prevent object segmentation failure caused by the non-uniform luminance problem, which is produced by variation and flickering of illumination.

Abstract: A data classification system is provided. The data classification system includes a fetch unit, a classification tree module, and a data repository. The fetch unit is adapted for receiving data including at least one datum, and fetching a data information contained in the data. The classification tree module is adapted for classifying the data in a manner of a tree structure according to the data info illation, and building a classification tree thereby. The data repository is adapted for storing the classification tree and the data.

Abstract: Methods for allocating transmission bandwidths of a network are adapted to a network including an office terminal and peripheral terminals. The peripheral terminals communicate with the office terminal by time division multiplexing during a sequence of transmitting cycles. The method includes receiving requested bandwidths from uploading messages delivered from the peripheral terminals, arranging an uploading order of the peripheral terminals based on the uploading messages to obtain a transmitting sequence, adjusting the uploading order of each of the peripheral terminals in the transmitting sequence based on a size of the requested bandwidth to obtain a modified transmitting sequence, and arranging a modified uploading order of the peripheral terminals based on the modified transmitting sequence. Therefore, the transmission bandwidth allocation is fairer, and delay is reduced. Upstream order of each terminal is transferred based on its requested bandwidth, thereby effectively reducing the average delay.

Abstract: Methods for allocating transmission bandwidths of a network are provided. The allocation ratio of anticipation bandwidths is adjusted according to the loading of the network to calculate the requested bandwidths, thereby effectively reducing an average delay and enhancing the utility rate of the network. Further, remaining bandwidth of the network is allocated based on maximum used bandwidth and bandwidth compensation of each terminal during the transmission cycle, to allocate excess bandwidth for each terminal. Therefore, the transmission bandwidth allocation is fairer, and delay is reduced. Upstream order of each terminal is transferred based on its requested bandwidth, thereby effectively reducing the average delay.

Abstract: A data classification system is provided. The data classification system includes a fetch unit, a classification tree module, and a data repository. The fetch unit is adapted for receiving data including at least one datum, and fetching a data information contained in the data. The classification tree module is adapted for classifying the data in a manner of a tree structure according to the data information, and building a classification tree thereby. The data repository is adapted for storing the classification tree and the data. Therefore, the present invention provides a hierarchical structure which is adapted to accelerate a speed for searching data.

Abstract: A speech communication system for patients having difficulty in speaking or writing comprises a display screen, a controller, a host having a storage unit for storing specific software and connected with the display screen, and a speaker connected with the host. A plurality of choices is presented on the display screen in a nine-square form or an English keyboard form for patients to select according to their needs. The controller is used for patients having difficulty in speaking or writing to move a cursor on the display screen to select any choice they need. The speaker is designed to output speech sounds of words or simple sentences in different languages corresponding to the choices patients select via the controller and thus make it possible for patients to communicate with others.

Abstract: A method and system of video object segmentation are disclosed herein. A pixel data of an image is received, wherein the pixel data has a corresponding location. A difference value between a pixel value of the pixel data and a pixel value in the corresponding location of a previous image is obtained. Utilizing the difference value and the pixel data, a multi-layered background registration is performed to get a background. Using the background, a background region of the image is removed. Furthermore, a process of removing an average value of luminance from the image and from the background is carried out to prevent object segmentation failure caused by the non-uniform luminance problem, which is produced by variation and flickering of illumination.

Abstract: A multi-wavelength optical packet switch system with shared output buffer is disclosed, which includes N input fibers, N output fibers, an input device, a wavelength converter, a wavelength router, an output buffer, a wavelength classifier and a control device. The present invention utilizes both the tunable wavelength converter and the wavelength router to accomplish multi-wavelength optical packet switching. The present invention also provides the output buffer connected to the output of the wavelength router for being shared by optical packets in all wavelengths (channels), thereby avoiding the packet loss due to output conflicts and reducing the cost of establishing the buffer.

Abstract: Methods for allocating transmission bandwidths of a network are provided. The allocation ratio of anticipation bandwidths is adjusted according to the loading of the network to calculate the requested bandwidths, thereby effectively reducing an average delay and enhancing the utility rate of the network. Further, remaining bandwidth of the network is allocated based on maximum used bandwidth and bandwidth compensation of each terminal during the transmission cycle, to allocate excess bandwidth for each terminal. Therefore, the transmission bandwidth allocation is fairer, and delay is reduced. Upstream order of each terminal is transferred based on its requested bandwidth, thereby effectively reducing the average delay.

Abstract: A multi-functional monitor utilizes a CCD camera to record the image of the head of a person. The image is then transmitted to an image processor (or a human-image recognition processor) for producing pixels of luminosity data of the image. Eventually, the pixel data are put into a central processing unit (CPU) wherein they are checked against a normal data for consistency. If they are not consistent or the person is determined to have an exceedingly high body temperature, the central processing unit (CPU) will control a driver to start a video recorder. Meanwhile, a relay will be activated to turn on a speaker and an LCD for warning the person and showing the body-temperature reading of the person. If the person continues to force in, the central processing unit (CPU) will notify a police authority through an automatic alarm system. It also warns the person with a flash light.

Abstract: A passive optical network with a protection mechanism and its method of relocation are provided. A plurality of optical network units is defined in several optical network unit groups. Each optical network unit connects to two couplers. The two couplers connect respectively to two different optical line terminals, which are controlled by a controller. Thus, when the optical lines run out or are overloaded, the controller relocates the optical network units dynamically.

Abstract: A multi-wavelength optical packet switch system with shared output buffer is disclosed, which includes N input fibers, N output fibers, an input device, a wavelength converter, a wavelength router, an output buffer, a wavelength classifier and a control device. The present invention utilizes both the tunable wavelength converter and the wavelength router to accomplish multi-wavelength optical packet switching. The present invention also provides the output buffer connected to the output of the wavelength router for being shared by optical packets in all wavelengths (channels), thereby avoiding the packet loss due to output conflicts and reducing the cost of establishing the buffer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamically shifting between switching and routing packets efficiently to provide high packet throughput. The present invention provides a method for transmitting packets between an upstream node and a downstream node in a network that utilizes flow classification and labelling to redirect flows. The method includes the steps of establishing default virtual channels between the upstream node and the downstream node, receiving a packet at the downstream node, performing a flow classification at the downstream node on the packet to determine whether the packet belongs to a specified flow that should be redirected in the upstream node, selecting a free label at the downstream node, and informing the upstream node that future packets belonging to the specified flow should be sent with the selected free label attached.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamically shifting between switching and routing packets efficiently to provide high packet throughput. The present invention provides a method for transmitting packets between an upstream node and a downstream node in a network that utilizes flow classification and labelling to redirect flows. The method includes the steps of establishing default virtual channels between the upstream node and the downstream node, receiving a packet at the downstream node, performing a flow classification at the downstream node on the packet to determine whether the packet belongs to a specified flow that should be redirected in the upstream node, selecting a free label at the downstream node, and informing the upstream node that future packets belonging to the specified flow should be sent with the selected free label attached. Other embodiments of the present invention include a basic switching unit and a switch gateway unit for use in a system for transmitting packets in a network.