Abstract: A circuit test structure includes a chip including a conductive line which traces a perimeter of the chip. The circuit test structure further includes an interposer electrically connected to the chip, wherein the conductive line is over both the chip and the interposer. The circuit test structure further includes a test structure connected to the conductive line. The circuit test structure further includes a testing site, wherein the test structure is configured to electrically connect the testing site to the conductive line.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel expression vector which comprises a gene of interest, a nuclear anchoring element, and at least one inverted repeat element, preferably two inverted repeat elements. The expression vector is an episomal vector capable of transfecting a mammalian cell. The present invention further provides a method for enhancing gene expression by transfecting the expression vector to a mammalian cell, preferably a human cell.

Abstract: In conventional phased array antennas, multiple signals that perform different functions, such as radar, electronic warfare (EW) and telecommunications, can each be simultaneously transmitted only through a different sub-aperture of the array. For maximum power and efficiency in conventional phased array antennas, the power amplifiers operate on one signal at a time. The present invention forms a common waveform from multiple signals for transmission through a common aperture of a phased array antenna. In wideband operations, waveform-shaping and amplitude-to-phase-modulation are used to transmit high-power diverse waveforms through every element of the array.

Abstract: In conventional phased array antennas, multiple signals that perform different functions, such as radar, electronic warfare (EW) and telecommunications, can each be simultaneously transmitted only through a different sub-aperture of the array. For maximum power and efficiency in conventional phased array antennas, the power amplifiers operate on one signal at a time. The present invention forms a common waveform from multiple signals for transmission through a common aperture of a phased array antenna. In wideband operations, waveform-shaping and amplitude-to-phase-modulation are used to transmit high-power diverse waveforms through every element of the array.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel expression vector which comprises a gene of interest, a nuclear anchoring element, and at least one inverted repeat element, preferably two inverted repeat elements. The expression vector is an episomal vector capable of transfecting a mammalian cell. The present invention further provides a method for enhancing gene expression by transfecting the expression vector to a mammalian cell, preferably a human cell.

Abstract: In phased array antennas, multiple signals that perform different functions, such as radar, electronic warfare (EW) and telecommunications, can each be simultaneously transmitted only through a different sub-aperture of the array. For maximum power and efficiency, the power amplifiers operate on one signal at a time. This patent provides the technique of forming a common waveform from multiple signals for transmission through a common aperture. To practically implement this technique in wideband operations, processes performing the required waveform-shaping and amplitude-to-phase-modulation are devised that can transmit the high-power diverse waveforms without serious intermodulations and spectral distortion through every element of the array.